Explain how flow through a blood vessel is determined Assignment | Get Paper Help

Explain how flow through a blood vessel is determined. Explain what a “pressure difference” is and why it matters to
flow. Define resistance and explain how resistance affects flow. List and discuss the 3 factors which influence the
resistance through vessels. For each factor explain the mechanism by which it affects resistance. Which one of these
3 as the largest impact on resistance? Explain why it has the largest impact on flow. Which one of these 3 can readily
be adjusted by the body?
Explain how blood flow through vessels in the body is regulated. Be sure to discuss the role of the sympathetic
nervous system and Angiotensin II. Describe the two intrinsic mechanisms discussed in lecture. For each describe
how and when they operate to regulate flow.
Describe in detail the baroreceptor reflex. Be sure to name and describe all the contributing components, their
locations, their specific roles in the reflex. Then give an example of a situation in which blood pressure would
suddenly fall and explain how the baroreceptor reflex operates to maintain blood pressure homeostasis. Then give an
example of a situation in which blood pressure would suddenly rise and explain how the baroreceptor reflex operates
to maintain blood pressure homeostasis. ( it’s easiest to choose simple examples like body position changes lying to
standing, standing to lying down).
Define circulatory shock. Explain what hypovolemic shock is and list the ways a person may suffer from hypovolemic
shock. Describe the mechanisms the body initiates in an attempt to compensate for shock, and how these
mechanisms have the potential to maintain blood flow homeostasis.
Explain what septic shock is (sepsis, sometimes called blood poisoning). Explain mechanism behind septic shock.
What causes it? (there are numerous ways and the subject is complex, so just a few examples are fine). Explain what
is occurring in the body during septic shock that results in a fatal drop in blood pressure (and flow).
Describe the physical properties of the lungs and how they relate to ventilation. Be sure to explain what elasticity and
compliance and relate these physical lung properties to specific aspects of ventilation. Explain they are important.
Explain what partial pressure is. List the partial pressures of O 2 and CO 2 in alveolar air and explain what determines
their values (discuss each gas separately). List the partial pressures of O 2 and CO 2 in systemic arterial blood and
explain what determines their values. List the partial pressures of O 2 and CO 2 in systemic venous blood and explain
what determines their values.
Define external respiration and explain the mechanism of external respiration (be sure to explain it in terms of partial
pressure) and describe the structure of the respiratory membrane and how its structure facilitates external respiration.
Which gas (O 2 or CO 2 ) is easier to exchange in the alveoli? Explain why.
Define internal respiration and explain the mechanism of internal respiration (be sure to explain it in terms of partial
pressure).
Describe how the central chemoreceptors act to regulate ventilation. Be sure to describe the integrating centers and
sensors involved, their locations, and explain their roles in determining ventilation rate. Be sure to include any
chemical equations (and enzymes!) that are necessary to explain ventilation regulation and explain how the
mechanisms work. Then explain how the system responds when arterial blood pH is elevated, and explain how the
response corrects arterial CO 2 . Explain how the system responds when arterial blood pH is decreased, and explain
how the response corrects arterial CO 2 .
Describe how the peripheral chemoreceptors act to regulate ventilation. Be sure to name the sensors involved, their
locations, and explain their roles. Be sure to include the molecules sensed, and any chemical equations (and
enzymes!) that are necessary to explain their roles. Then explain how and when the system acts to increase
ventilation. Explain how and when the system acts to decrease ventilation.