Peace and Conflict Assignment | Custom Essay Services

Instruction attached, use only attached, in-class sources.
There are a total of 10 reading sources (book) attached, and there are few background sources that you need to answer questions.

I set 10 sources, but the number of sources can change depending on the question writer chooses.

If you have any questions, please contact me immediately

Paper Instruction

The exam will ask you to answer 3 questions

Submission requirements

1. Font: 12 point, Times New Roman
2. Spacing 1.5 spaced, 1-inch margins
3. Page minimum per question: 1.5 pages (inclusive of part A, B and C)
4. Page maximum per question: 3 pages (inclusive of part A, B and C)

Choose to answer ONLY 1 question in this section:

1. Rwanda (based on readings, lecture, discussions)
2. Gender (based on readings, lecture, discussions)

1. Rwanda – 2 pages

• How does the gacaca system according to Thomson, Grant and Funkeson et al. reinforce an oppressive post-genocide government at the expense of ordinary citizen? You should be able to identify methods and tactics. You should explain the nature of the ‘social engineering project’ as framed by the government and identify narratives of local Rwandans that speak to the success or failures of this project. You should discuss at least one of the arguments from each reading. How would the evidence provided in the Abouzeid article support or contradict the arguments made by at least one other author?

Susan Thomson, “The Darker Side of Transitional Justice: Power Dynamics Behind Rwanda’s Gacaca Courts, “The Journal of the International African Institute 81/3 (2011): 373-390

Andrea Mariko Grant, “Quiet Insecurity and Quiet Agency in Post-Genocide Rwanda,” Etnofoor 27/2 (2015): 15-36

Ulrika Funkeson et al., “Witnesses to Genocide: Experiences of Witnessing in Rwandan Gacaca Courts,” Peace and Conflict 17/4 (2011): 367-388

Abouzeid article – Can access via internet

Abouzeid, Rania, “How women are stepping up to remake Rwanda.” National Geographic (Oct 2019)1-4.

1. Gender – 2 pages

• How could alternative approaches help achieve gender equality? Your answer should detail four suggestions from the Porter article and apply them to at least two cases from our readings. You should critically engage in the author’s arguments in thinking about why these suggestions might work in some context and not others.

Porter, Elizabeth “Rethinking Women’s Empowerment,” Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 8/1 (2013): 1-14

Lodhia, Sharmila, “From “living corpse” to India’s daughter: Exploring the social, political and legal landscape of the 2012 Delhi gang rape,” Women’s Studies International Forum 50 (2015): 89-101

Carpenter, Ami C, “Havens in a Firestorm: Perspectives from Baghdad on Resilience to Sectarian Violence, Civil Wars 14/2: (2012): 182-204.

Abouzeid, Rania, “How women are stepping up to remake Rwanda.” National Geographic (Oct 2019): 1- 4.

Answer BOTH questions in the following section:

1. Sri Lanka (based on readings, negotiation materials)
2. Reflections (based on readings on cosmopolitanism, reflection of overall course and reading)

1. Sri Lanka (Cleary label Part A and Part B in your response) – 2 page and half
   1. According to Zoom negotiations and readings, why did peace not prevail according to Raheem/Hayward, Weiberg Salzmann & Houlund/Kovacs/Thiyagaraja? Drawing on conceptual tools presented in these readings, outline what needs to be addressed in the present situation and why is it so difficult to hold groups accountable? You should outline at least one argument from each reading through your analysis.
   2. In reviewing your group’s final mediation agreement, which content/issue could have helped to ensure a more strong and viable agreement? Answer from the perspective of your own role (India-Minister of External Affairs), think also about strategies such as: implementation, monitoring, external parties to support implementation, confidence building measures, building and sustaining political support, future dispute resolution mechanisms. Give one example from your agreement for each of these strategies. If you do not feel your agreement adequately addresses one of these strategies, please suggest how it could have been strengthened.

Weibery-Salzmann, Mirjam “The Radicalisation of Buddhism in the Twentieth and Twenty-first Centuries: The Buddhist Sangha in Sri Lanka,” Politics, Religion & Ideology 15/2 (2014): 283-307.

Hoglund, Kovacs & Thiyagaraja, “The Peace Triangle: Capturing Peace After Military Victory in Sri Lanka.” In Practical Approaches to Peacebuilding, eds. Pamina Firchow and Harry Anastasiou. Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishing, 2016: 9-34.

Susan Hayward and Mirak Raheem “Sri Lanka: Social Cohesion…In the Eye of the Beholder.” In Rethinking Political Violence, Peacebuilding in Deeply Divided Societies: Toward Social Cohesion? eds. Fletcher D. Cox & Timothy D. Sisk, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017: 245-285.

1. Reflection (Clearly label Part A, B and C in your response) – 2 page and half

• Prepare a reflection of what you learned this semester
  1. What terms and concepts do you now recognize or understand differently and what term, concepts and ideas become more complicated now in the time of COVID-19?
  2. Within the issue raised in cosmopolitanism and resilience, how would you advise Cheah to clarify or extend his article to be applicable in the current time period?
  3. Identify a challenge you faced in this course, explain the challenge and identify what you did to overcome it. What can you carry with you into the future from the class?

Cheah, Pheng, “Cosmopolitanism.” Theory, Culture Society. 23 (2-3) (2006): 486-496