African American Religions Discussion For this assignment follow the instruction . You must use the material and resources attached to complete the assignm

African American Religions Discussion For this assignment follow the instruction . You must use the material and resources attached to complete the assignment each number should be 220 words each. You also need to access to the book chapter 6 Textbook: Albanese, Catherine. America: Religions and Religion, 5th ed. (Boston: Wadsworth Cengage, 2013). ISBN:9781133050025. I cant provide the book

1. Describe 5 features of traditional African Religions (use full sentences)

2. Describe 5 features of African American Protestant Christian Religions.

All answers should derive from lecture and textbook. No internet material.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pG8X0vOvi7Q African American Religion
1
image: African American Christian Church
Africans were transported as slaves to America since 1619
Most Africans practiced traditional tribal religions.
A small percentage had been converted to Islam in Africa
Image: slaves being transported on ship to America
Elements of Traditional African Religion:
1. Deities:
High God,
Nature spirits,
Spirits of deceased ancestors who watch out over the living
Trickster gods who shake up the status quo
2. Music & dance are emphasized
It is a way to feel connected to the spirit/s.
Images: Africans dancing in religious celebration
3. Elaborate funerals are held
to honor deceased ancestors
The ancestors had power
after death to influence the living.
Image: African funeral
4. Stories
were used to convey spiritual lessons
especially stories of trickster gods.
Image: mother teaching children
5. Ritual divination
is a means to determine causes and the future
Rootwork: botanical knowledge and spells increased
power of the practitioners
Image: mixture of healing herbs
Over the years in America,
Africans were converted to Christianity
African American Christianity combines elements
of African native religion with Christian beliefs & practices.
Image: African Americans worshipping in a Christian Church
In the textbook, Albanese discusses how they were combined
Catholicism with its emphasis on saints,
appealed to some Africans,
who found this similar to their connection
to the deceased ancestors.
But the majority of African-Americans
who were converted to Christianity,
turned to Protestant Christianity,
particularly the Baptist & Methodist denominations.
Before slavery ended,
while white masters promoted Christianity,
African Americans soon took control
of their own form of Christianity,
creating the “Invisible Institution”
of the Black Church
Hush Harbors:
were religious worship services
held in the woods in secret,
in hushed tones.
This way, Africans could practice Christianity in a way they
wanted to. They had much more singing & dancing.
Image: secluded trees
The Ring Shout: emphasized music & dance
In a circle, sermons as songs were delivered in chanted,
rhythmic style with the people answering back in shouts.
Image: ring shout circle
Gospel music
stems from the African emphasis on music in worship.
Pentecostalism which highlights lively worship
carries on this tradition.
Stories in African Christianity:
Just as stories of trickster gods
were told in traditional African religion,
In African American Christianity
similar stories were told of characters
such as Brer Rabbit who had little power
but out-foxed those in control.
Divination:
Prayer, conjure, and root work
were performed by Christian black pastors,
with the bible functioning as a magical book.
Image: preacher preaching with bible in hand
Freedom movements were inspired by Black Churches:
African American Baptist & Methodist Churches
have fostered and inspired civil rights movements
throughout America’s history.
History of African Churches in America:
The first African Church in America
was “The First African Baptist Church”
of Savannah, Georgia 1775
Image: the first African Baptist Church
The 1st African-American Christian denomination
was the African Methodist Episcopal Church – AME
Founded by Richard Allen of Philadelphia, Penn in 1816
The history of this church:
Richard Allen was a slave.
When the slave owner, Stokely Sturgis
heard a white preacher’s sermon saying
that slave owners would not fair well
on judgment day, Sturgis allowed Allen
to buy his freedom. This would take 2 years.
Image: Richard Allen
When he bought his freedom
Richard Allen first worked at a brickyard,
then as a teamster hauling salt.
A teamster is one who drives a “team” of horses with a cart.
Image: team of horses
Then Allen became a preacher
In Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland
He preached at St. George’s Methodist Episcopal Church
in Philadelphia
to both white and black Methodists
adding many members.
Allen asked if he could start
an African Methodist Episcopal Church.
The request was denied.
Allen & his friend, Absalom Jones
started the Free African Society in 1787
This was an altruistic society
which provided aid to widows,
the sick, and unemployed.
It helped people spiritually.
Allen bought land for a church.
Image: historical landmark for Free African Society
Meanwhile,
Absalom Jones started his own church in 1792
St. Thomas’ Episcopal Church
(the 2nd African church in America)
Image: historic St. Thomas’ Episcopal Church
Richard Allen finally received permission
to start an AME church in Philadelphia
The Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church
was dedicated by bishop Francis Asbury in 1794
Image: historic Bethel AME Church
The Bethel AME Church had
1. a children’s day school
2. an adult night school
Image: painting of woman teaching
The Bethel AME Church
3. Was a stop on the Underground Railroad
helping slaves from the southern states escape
to safety to the north. Allen and his wife Sarah
helped hide, feed, and clothe runaway slaves.
Image: escaping slavery
Some current members of the Bethel Church today
are descendants of those runaway slaves
proud survivors of the injustice.
Other AME churches were built.
In 1816, they united,
forming the 1st African Christian denomination “the African Methodist Episcopal Church of America.”
Richard Allen was elected as the first bishop
of this historic Church.
Allen was a civil rights leader:
He led a boycott of slave-labor produce.
forming one of the earliest civil rights actions.
In the next lecture, we will look at how African American Christianity
Impacted the modern Civil Rights movement.
Lecture by J. Corey, Victor Valley College, 2019
African American Christianity and its impact on the
Civil Rights movement in the 20th century
Image: African American peacefully demonstrating
Rosa Parks:
the mother of the modern day civil rights movement
Rosa McCauley (Parks)
was born 1913 in Tuskeegee, Alabama.
She attended the AME church
in Montgomery, AL
Image: Rosa Parks
At the time, Jim Crow Laws were in place in the South:
They legally separated Blacks & Whites in public places.
1. public places – restaurants, hotels
2. public schools
3. public transportation – buses
4. public restrooms
5. public drinking fountains
6. some military bases
7. housing neighborhoods
Image: segregated drinking fountains
Rosa’s schooling:
Local rural schooling until 11 years old.
No busing available
and no High School for African-Americans
Image: a young Rosa Parks
Rosa then attended Montgomery Industrial School
founded by two white Christian women from the North
Rosa said: There, I was a person with dignity
& self-respect who should not set my sights
lower than anyone else because I was black.
Unfortunately,
the school was burned down
by the KKK in 1928
Image: Klansman burning a cross
Rosa married Raymond Parks in 1932
He encouraged her to finish school.
She received her High School diploma
Only 7% of African-Americans in 1930’s
graduated from High School.
Image: black and white photo of Rosa & Raymond Parks
The NAACP: National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
was founded 1909
Raymond Parks was a member
Rosa joined, becoming Secretary of NAACP
Rosa worked at Maxwell Air Force Base (desegregated)
She would ride the bus to and from work (segregated)
Image: NAACP logo
Rosa attended a civil rights meeting in 1954
at Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
in Montgomery, Alabama
The Pastor was Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.
The Speaker was Theodore Howard
They discussed recent killings of black citizens in news:
14 yr. old boy, black minister, & WWII veteran
Image: Dexter Avenue Baptist Church of Montgomery
In 1955, Rosa attended the Highland Folk School
This was a leadership training school
in Tennessee started by (among others)
a Methodist minister – James Dombroski.
The beginning of the Montgomery Bus Boycott:
On Dec. 1, 1955 Rosa was riding
on a public bus in Montgomery
and was asked to move to
the back of the bus
to give a white man a seat.
African Americans were supposed to sit in the back.
She refused. The bus driver had her arrested.
Image: Rosa Parks in front of bus
The African American Churches took action
They paid Rosa’s bail
Organized a bus boycott
One year later, on Dec. 21, 1956
the Supreme Court declared
segregated bus laws as unconstitutional.
Image: gavel
This begins the modern civil rights movement
which was given birth & nurtured
in the Methodist & Baptist Churches in the South.
Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr.
was born January 15, 1929.
His father & grandfather
were preachers at the
Ebenezer Baptist Church
in Atlanta, Georgia
Image: MLK and Ebenezer Church
MLK’s schooling:
• Bachelor’s degree – Morehouse College – Atlanta
• Bachelor’s of Divinity – Crozer Theological Seminary in
Pennsylvania, 1951
• Doctorate degree – Boston University, 1955
In 1954, MLK became a minister at the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church
in Montgomery, AL
where Rosa heard him speak
MLK was an executive committee member of the NAACP.
MLK led the Montgomery Bus Boycott. He was also the
Leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Martin Luther King
gave over 2500 speeches on civil rights
He studied & used Gandhi’s methods of peaceful protest
Image: historic image of MLK giving speech
In 1960, he became pastor
at Ebenezer Baptist Church, Atlanta GA
In 1963,
he led a peaceful protest march down the streets of
Birmingham, Alabama calling for equality for African
Americans. He was arrested and wrote his famous “letter
from a Birmingham Jail” in answer to white clergy who said
that the time for such a demonstration was not right.
Image: MLK in jail
Also in 1963,
he delivered his famous “I have a dream speech”
from the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C
Image: historic black and white photo of MLK giving this speech.
In 1964
the Civil Rights Act was passed
which makes it illegal
to discriminate in public places
Image: President Johnson signing Civil Rights Act
In 1964
Rev. Martin Luther King
was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
In 1968
he delivered the “I Have Seen the Promised Land” speech
on behalf of the Memphis Garbage Workers Strike
April 4
On April 4, 1967 MLK gave a speech against the Vietnam War
On April 4, 1968 he was assassinated
MLK, a man who made a difference in the world
Martin Luther King Holiday January 15
Image: MLK on cover of Time Magazine
Lecture by J. Corey, Victor Valley College, 2019

Purchase answer to see full
attachment