CRJ422 WK3 Ashford Mini Capstone Paper Youth Violence as a Criminal Justice Issue Prior to beginning work on this assignment read Chapter 6: Tracking Ideas

CRJ422 WK3 Ashford Mini Capstone Paper Youth Violence as a Criminal Justice Issue Prior to beginning work on this assignment read Chapter 6: Tracking Ideas and Sources from the text, and begin to research the ideas that you outlined in Week 2, using the Ashford University Library. You may also use any relevant sources that you found for your Week 1 Annotated Bibliography assignment.

This week you will build on the outline you created in Week 2. Think of this paper draft as an abbreviated version of your Capstone Paper; it does not need to be a complete Capstone Paper. Consider your rough draft a “mini-Capstone Paper” that will prepare you to create your comprehensive Capstone paper in Week 5.

Write a short paragraph for each of the points in your outline, Integrating Research (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. to support these ideas. Add a short introductory paragraph, Writing a Thesis Statement (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. at the beginning of your outline.

As you begin development of this paper, check out the Ashford Writing Center’s source Writing a Paper (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.. It breaks down the entire process as well as provides links to other sources that will help you. Visit the Ashford University Library to review the Criminal Justice Research Guide which may help in your research. You may also find the Ashford University Library Quick N’ Dirty (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. tutorial, The Research Process (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. tutorial, and the Advanced Search Techniques (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. tip sheet helpful as you conduct your research. As you conduct your research, the Ashford University Library also provides the RefWorks tool that will help you organize your research, create APA reference entries and citations, and more. Creating a RefWorks Account (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. will assist you in creating an account in order to start using the tool.

After submitting your draft, you will receive feedback on this paper from your instructor in Week 4. Based on the instructor feedback that you receive, you will expand, revise, and edit your essay to create your final Capstone paper in Week 5.

In your paper,

Revise your thesis statement that you created in Weeks 1 and 2, which identifies your social and criminal justice issue.
Incorporate any feedback that you received regarding your thesis statement from your instructor.
Summarize your chosen social and criminal justice issue.
Describe what makes this an issue.
Provide data to show how this issue has made an impact on society.
Explain which social justice principles need to be addressed and why.
Detail the cultural and diversity issues present in your chosen social and criminal justice problem.
Describe how addressing your chosen issue contributes to the goal of a more just society.
Analyze the empirical research on your chosen topic.
You may use your Week 1 Annotated Bibliography to complete this section of the paper.
Propose a possible resolution to your chosen social and criminal justice issue.
Evaluate which branches of the criminal justice system are impacted/involved and how they either help or hinder the issue.
Analyze how the criminal and social justice theories (in relation to the United States Constitution) and landmark U.S. Supreme Court decisions impact your chosen issue and support your resolution.
Examine how the judiciary, corrections, and law enforcement systems address social equality, solidarity, human rights, and overall fairness for all and how these essential concepts impact your issue and resolution.
Evaluate how poverty, racism, religion and other sociocultural variables may apply to contemporary social and criminal justice by drawing information among the fields of, but not limited to, criminology, law, philosophy, psychology, science, and sociology.

The Capstone Paper Rough Draft,

Must be 1,000 to 1,500 words in length (not including title and references pages and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s APA Style (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Must include a separate title page with the following:
Title of paper
Student’s name
Course name and number
Instructor’s name
Date submitted

For further assistance with the formatting and the title page, refer to APA Formatting for Word 2013 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..

Must utilize academic voice. See the Academic Voice (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. resource for additional guidance.
Must include an introduction and conclusion paragraph. Your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper.
For assistance on writing Introductions & Conclusions (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. as well as Writing a Thesis Statement (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site., refer to the Ashford Writing Center resources.
Must use at least five scholarly and/or credible sources.
The Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. If you have questions about whether a specific source is appropriate for this assignment, please contact your instructor. Your instructor has the final say about the appropriateness of a specific source for a particular assignment.
Must document any information used from sources in APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s Citing Within Your Paper (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.
Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. See the Formatting Your References List (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. resource in the Ashford Writing Center for specifications.

Carefully review the Grading Rubric (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your assignment. Running head: YOUTH VIOLENCE
1
Youth Violence
Name
Institution
Youth Violence
Social and criminal justice issues have existed in society and will continue to be a
challenge to the well-being of the citizens of the United States. The youth will play a key role in
in the future of the United States, and it is important that the whole community and government
agencies address issues that affect their well-being. One significant issue that is affecting the
American people is the association of youth and violence. Youth violence is highly associated
with crime, but there are cases that it is associated with other factors. Violence is an activity that
includes physical force to kill, damage or hurt another individual. Violence can be self-motivated
or can be motivated by an external factor that includes peers. Youth violence is documented do
have many adverse effects on society that includes increased medical cost, reduced property
value, and disruption of social services. Society needs to understand the impacts of youth
violence and the efforts that are taking place to tackle the issue. In the discussion of this
capstone, paper discussions shall focus on youth violence and its prevalence, gun violence, the
relationship with incarceration and efforts that are being taken to tackle the issue.
Running head: YOUTH VIOLENCE
1
Youth Violence
Name
Institution
Youth Violence
Social and criminal justice issues have existed in society and will continue to be a
challenge to the well-being of the citizens of the United States. The youth will play a key role in
in the future of the United States, and it is important that the whole community and government
agencies address issues that affect their well-being. One significant issue that is affecting the
American people is the association of youth and violence. Youth violence is highly associated
with crime, but there are cases that it is associated with other factors. Violence is an activity that
includes physical force to kill, damage or hurt another individual. Violence can be self-motivated
or can be motivated by an external factor that includes peers. Youth violence is documented do
have many adverse effects on society that includes increased medical cost, reduced property
value, and disruption of social services. Society needs to understand the impacts of youth
violence and the efforts that are taking place to tackle the issue. In the discussion of this
capstone, paper discussions shall focus on youth violence and its prevalence, gun violence, the
relationship with incarceration and efforts that are being taken to tackle the issue.
Running head: YOUYTH VIOLENCE
1
Youth Violence
Darien Greene
CRJ 422
Instructor: Mr. Robinson
May 5, 2019
YOUYTH VIOLEMCE
2
Youth Violence
Young people make up an important part of any society. Governments have always made
an effort to make as much investment in the welfare of the young generation primarily due to the
potential impacts of such investment on the future of a particular economy. As long as the young
people are capable of accessing descent employment and holding on to their jobs, then there are
always chances that they would be in a position to facilitate economic activities in the future. For
instance, the American economy’s labor market is in a transition phase, with the older baby boomer
generation no facing retirement, leaving the positions to the younger X generation. However, the
younger generation would only be capable of steering different organizations and workplaces to
success if they are well equipped with social and academic skills for success in the various sectors.
Social challenges such as youth violence as exemplified by the large number of young people in
American correctional facilities due to issues such as easy access to weapons such as guns
extensively derail the chances of success of the young population.
Notably, youth violence affects the young generation more than it affects the older
members of society, largely because the it robs the young people off their years of productivity.
For instance, the National Research Council (2013) confirms that about 75000 juveniles were
incarcerated either in adult or juvenile facilities in 2011). Considering that this is a population of
young people, the levels of incarceration imply that the country’s available skilled labor force for
2020 could have reduced by about 75,000, and about just as many families may have lost a
potential source of support if the young people graduated and earned a significant income to
support their extended as well as nuclear families. Consequently, the issue is of significant impact
to society considering the implications that arresting and committing a young person to prison
could have on his and his family’s welfare.
YOUYTH VIOLEMCE
3
Consequently, it is pivotal that research addresses social justice issues in the criminal
justice system that increase the chances of young people finding their way to pison. According to
Jannetta and Okeke (2017), economic and racial injustices are some of the key issues that have to
some extent contributed to the high number of young people that lose the chance of having the life
they may have dreamed of as children. In particular, the lack of opportunities and resources in
some of the communities designated as poor results to limited motivation and effort among the
young people to engage in activities that would otherwise have significant positive consequences
on their welfare. Therefore, the young people in such communities are often likely to engage in
misdemeanors that in some cases end up with them spending some time in prison. Consequently,
cultural issues such as gang cultures, and disenfranchisement are some of the critical social
challenges whose solution could ultimately improve the welfare of the young generation.
In particular, addressing such issues would increase the chances that the young people in
question would find a descent lifestyle as opposed to one which only leads to crime and
imprisonment. For instance, take the case of an initiative that provides the best education facilities
in a poor neighborhood in addition to alternative opportunities such as arts schools for people who
may be talented in the arts and not sciences. Consequences, the lack of racial discrimination and
existence of such opportunities would lead to young people choosing to join an art school if they
failed to perform as well in the sciences, ultimately providing an opportunity for success in the
arts. However, the situation is currently different, in which case those that do not succeed in
academics or athletics end up with no safety nets if their parents are not capable enough to pay for
their education in the art schools common in affluent neighborhoods. Therefore, addressing the
issues as highlighted above could present a solution to the prevalence of youth violence by
presenting them with an alternative lifestyle.
YOUYTH VIOLEMCE
4
Notably, these efforts are particularly important based on the available information from
research focusing on violence among young people. According to Bushman et al. (2016), access
to guns forms one of the reasons for the prevalence of youth violence, with data from state prisons
indicating that young people in prisons highlight the black market as a primary source of the guns.
However, the young people would have limited time to go out seeking for such weapons if they
were busy enough and engaged at work or academic activities. However, lack of employment and
poor performance in schools due to proper resources for education in some of the poor
neighborhoods present a challenge for the young people, ultimately directing the towards joining
groups that are often likely to land them in prisons. Alternatively, as the CDC notes, they are likely
to end up as victims of other young people’s access to guns as determined from prevalence of cases
of homicide involving young Americans.
According to the Office of Juvenile and Delinquency prevention, the department of Justice
makes up one of the most critical departments involved in dealing with the young people’s
engagement in violent activities. Notably, the OJD is a pivotal branch of the Department of Justice
with a significant role to play in helping reduce the prevalence of youth violence in the United
States. As long as young people are treated different from adults in the American constitution and
the court systems, then it is critical that the DOJ makes an effort to address the prevalence of
challenges that continuously leave correctional facilities with increasing numbers of young people.
In particular, the law enforcement agencies should make efforts to not only arrest young
people caught violating the law, but try and understand the environments of these young
delinquents for possible solutions to some of the possible factors that increase their susceptibility
to involvement in violent activities. Ultimately, efforts to address such issues could end up in
YOUYTH VIOLEMCE
5
higher solidarity between the law enforcement and young people as opposed to the suspicious
relationship that has always characterized the two parties.
Notably, issues such as poverty and racism form the primary sociocultural factors that have
always influenced the chances that young people will engage in delinquent behavior. As long as
the low income communities have limited access to facilities such as education institutions, then
the young people therein may have limited access to factors that could otherwise draw them away
from engaging in violence. They spend too much time idle, they will always be involved in
excursions that culminate in areas where they can easily access weapons for use in various cases
of youth violence. Ultimately, their arrest for involvement in the violent activities ends in
imprisonment.
YOUYTH VIOLEMCE
6
References
Jannetta, J., & Okeke, C. (2017). Strategies for Reducing Criminal and Juvenile Justice
Involvement. Building Ladders of Opportunity for Young People in the Great Lakes
States, brief, 4. Retrieved from
https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/94516/strategies-for-reducingcriminal-and-juvenile-justice-involvement.pdf_0.pdf
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. National youth violence prevention
update 2010–2016. Retrieved from https://www.ojjdp.gov/pubs/250083.pdf
Center For Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Violence and Homicide among Youth.
Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/healthcommunication/toolstemplates/entertainmented/tips/Violence
Youth.html
Bushman, B. J., Newman, K., Calvert, S. L., Downey, G., Dredze, M., Gottfredson, M., … &
Romer, D. (2016). Youth violence: What we know and what we need to know. American
Psychologist, 71(1), 17. Retrieved from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cd57/95c60475ef2acca558fd66d1670d2458b079.pdf
National Research Council. (2013). Contagion of Violence: Workshop Summary. National
Academies Press. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK207242/
Running head: YOUTH VIOLENCE
1
Youth Violence
Darien R. Greene
CRJ 422 Criminal Capstone
Professor Robinson
April 29, 2019
Youth Violence
Center For Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Violence and Homicide among Youth.
Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/healthcommunication/toolstemplates/entertainmented/tips/Violence
Youth.html
The source highlights the prevalence of youth violence in the United States and the
impact it has on their well-being. Violence is a significant issue due to the impact it has
on well-being and health of the youth. According to data youth violence is the number
one cause of death and injury to young individuals of the age 15 to 24 years. Fatal and
nonfatal violence is considerably greater in young people than any other age group.
Young people that constitute to 4,678 were victims of homicide in 2010, which makes up
to thirteen young people per day. Impact of youth violence include decrease property
value, increased health care costs, disruption of social services, and threats to the
sustainability of businesses. Total costs of lost productivity and medical care that is
brought by youth violence constitutes $17.5 billion.
Bushman, B. J., Newman, K., Calvert, S. L., Downey, G., Dredze, M., Gottfredson, M., … &
Romer, D. (2016). Youth violence: What we know and what we need to know. American
Psychologist, 71(1), 17. Retrieved from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cd57/95c60475ef2acca558fd66d1670d2458b079.pdf
In this source types of youth gun violence are described which are school rampage
shootings and street shootings. School rampage shootings happen at a low rate and
include shootings in movie theaters, supermarkets and shopping malls. Such shootings
are random and devastating and finding preventions is a challenge. Street shootings occur
in densely populated areas with high crime rates. Bushman et al. (2016), address various
issues concerning the cause of gun violence in the youth. Access to guns is one reason
that youth gun violence is so prevalent. Data from state prisons indicate that individuals
that were incarcerated at ages below eighteen identified the black market or the streets as
the source of guns (47%). Others identified that they got guns from friends or family
members (38%). Because provide a juvenile with a fire arm is illegal and 13 percent of
youth claimed that they stole guns a majority of young gun holders get their guns from
illegal transactions.
National Research Council. (2013). Contagion of Violence: Workshop Summary. National
Academies Press. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK207242/
It is important to understand the relationship of incarceration of the youth and the
elevated cases of violence that is associated by the group. As highlighted in the book
citizens of United States and the justice system accept that the accepted form of
punishment that is fit for individuals that commit acts of violence is punishment through
incarceration. Out the total incarcerations that happened in 2011 about 75,000 juveniles
were incarcerated either in adult or juvenile facilities. From the year 2000 to 2008 there
has been an estimated 60 percent growth in number of violent offenders that have been
incarcerated in the United States correctional facilities. The national research council
(2013) tries to identify the increase in youth violence due to the exposure of young
offenders to violence while in the correctional facilities both in adult and juvenile.
Jannetta, J., & Okeke, C. (2017). Strategies for Reducing Criminal and Juvenile Justice
Involvement. Building Ladders of Opportunity for Young People in the Great Lakes
States, brief, 4. Retrieved from
https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/94516/strategies-for-reducingcriminal-and-juvenile-justice-involvement.pdf_0.pdf
Jannetta and Okeke highlight the role justice system, victimization and crime play in the
well-being and productivity of the youth. By focusing on the Great Lakes Cities Jannetta
and Okeke (2017) identify economicand racial segregation, seoarate low-income and
vulnerable individuals from opportunities and expose them to stress and eventually crime.
By addressing the socio economic issues that affect the youth and lead them to crime,
youth violence can be drastically reduced. Several aspects are included in the study and
identify how and why the youth end up in the violence and criminal lifestyle. Jannette
and Okeke (2017), claim that the involvement of criminal justice affects the development
of the youth and interferes with desistence, which is the process in which the youth that
were involved with criminal life stop offending. Structural inequities increases exposure
of the youth to crime. Crime is highly concentrated in areas with social disorganization
and increased levels of crime. Remedies are provided on how to tackle the youth violence
and crimes.
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. National youth violence prevention
update 2010–2016. Retrieved from https://www.ojjdp.gov/pubs/250083.pdf
In this source, three goals have been developed Prevention which are eliminating gang
and youth violence as an issue of national importance, increasing involvement of
communities to reduce youth and gang violence and sustaining systems and progress
change through assessment, alignment and engagement. Using this source efforts that are
being carried out to reduce the occurrence and the effects of youth and gang violence
amongst the youth will be highlighted. Efforts include various agencies and multiple
disciplines such as the United States Department of Justice, Health and Human Service,
Housing and Urban and Education Labor. Efforts established are focused on identifying
the root causes that are leading to the occurrence of youth violence.
References
Center For Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Violence and Homicide among Youth.
Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/healthcommunication/toolstemplates/entertainmented/tips/Violence
Youth.html
Bushman, B. J., Newman, K., Calvert, S. L., Downey, G., Dredze, M., Gottfredson, M., … &
Romer, D. (2016). Youth violence: What we know and what we need to know. American
Psychologist, 71(1), 17. Retrieved from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cd57/95c60475ef2acca558fd66d1670d2458b079.pdf
National Research Council. (2013). Contagion of Violence: Workshop Summary. National
Academies Press. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK207242/
Jannetta, J., & Okeke, C. (2017). Strategies for Reducing Criminal and Juvenile Justice
Involvement. Building Ladders of Opportunity for Young People in the Great Lakes
States, brief, 4. Retrieved from
https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/94516/strategies-for-reducingcriminal-and-juvenile-justice-involvement.pdf_0.pdf
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. National youth violence prevention
update 2010–2016. Retrieved from https://www.ojjdp.gov/pubs/250083.pdf
Running head: YOUTH VIOLENCE
1
Youth Violence
Darien R. Greene
CRJ 422 Criminal Capstone
Professor Robinson
April 29, 2019
Youth Violence
Center For Disease Control and Prevention. (2017). Violence and Homicide among Youth.
Retrieved from
https://www.cdc.gov/healthcommunication/toolstemplates/entertainmented/tips/Violence
Youth.html
The source highlights the prevalence of youth violence in the United States and the
impact it has on their well-being. Violence is a significant issue due to the impact it has
on well-being and health of the youth. According to data youth violence is the number
one cause of death and injury to young individuals of the age 15 to 24 years. Fatal and
nonfatal violence is considerably greater in young people than any other age group.
Young people that constitute to 4,678 were victims of homicide in 2010, which makes up
to thirteen young people per day. Impact of youth violence include decrease property
value, increased health care costs, disruption of social services, and threats to the
sustainability of businesses. Total costs of lost productivity and medical care that is
brought by youth violence constitutes $17.5 billion.
Bushman, B. J., Newman, K., Calvert, S. L., Downey, G., Dredze, M., Gottfredson, M., … &
Romer, D. (2016). Youth violence: What we know and what we need to know. American
Psychologist, 71(1), 17. Retrieved from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/cd57/95c60475ef2acca558fd66d1670d2458b079.pdf
In this source types of youth gun violence are described which are school rampage
shootings and street shootings. School rampage shootings happen at a low rate and
include shootings in movie theaters, supermarkets and shopping malls. Such shootings
are random and devastating and finding preventions is a challenge. Street shootings occur
in densely populated areas with high crime rates. Bushman et al. (2016), address various
issues concerning the cause of gun violence in the you…
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