ECN400 Colorado State University Short Run & Long Run Economic Project For the Portfolio Project, in a well-constructed paper, identify four policies the g

ECN400 Colorado State University Short Run & Long Run Economic Project For the Portfolio Project, in a well-constructed paper, identify four policies the government enacted following the financial crisis. Evaluate what effect these policies would have on the economy from both a short-run and a long-run perspective. Be sure to include:

The distinction between the short-run and long-run economic views and what determines economic output in the relative time periods
A definition of the measures used to determine economic success in the different time periods
A link from each policy back to these distinctions and measures.

Adhere to the following standards:

Your paper should be six to ten pages in length, not including the title or references pages.
Review the grading rubric below.
Incorporate at least five scholarly references that are not required readings for this module. The CSU-Global Library is a good place to find these references.

Be sure to follow the CSU-Global Guide to Writing and APA Requirements (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site..

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Title of Paper
Student’s Name
Course Number (ORG500) – Name of Course (Foundations of Effective Management)
Colorado State University – Global Campus
Instructor’s Name
August 6, 2010
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admin im veniam, quis nostrud. In atsvulpate velt esse meleste at semper manet sola. Ut lacreet
dolore magna aliquam sic semper fi tyrannis erat volutpat. Wisi enim ad minim veniam. Dolore
eu sata sfeugiat. Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse.
Ultaceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim ad minim veniam, quis nos In a tsvulpate velt esse
meleste at semper manet sola. UT lacreet dolore magna aliquam sic semp fi tyrannis erat
volutpat. Wisi enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat.
Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ulta ceet
dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim admin im veniam, quis nostrud. In atsvulpate velt esse meleste
at semper manet sola. Ut lacreet dolore magna aliquam sic semper fi tyrannis erat volutpat. Wisi
enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat. Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod
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enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat. Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod
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tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ultaceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim ad minim
veniam, quis nos In a tsvulpate velt esse meleste at semper manet sola. UT lacreet dolore magna
aliquam sic semp fi tyrannis erat volutpat. Wisi enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat.
Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ulta ceet
dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim admin im veniam, quis nostrud. In atsvulpate velt esse meleste
at semper manet sola. Ut lacreet dolore magna aliquam sic semper fi tyrannis erat volutpat. Wisi
enim ad minim veniam. Dolore eu sata sfeugiat. Ipsum lorem vei illum sat dolor euis mod
tincidunt vei auminiure dolor in esse. Ultaceet dolore magna si napi. Wisi e nim ad minim
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References
Carroll, A. B. (1979). A three-dimensional conceptual model of corporate performance. The
Academy of Management Review, 4(4), 497. [This is a journal article citation. Articles
from the Library databases are based on print journals so the citation will end with page
numbers.]
Collins, J. (2001). Good to great. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers Inc. [This is a book
citation.]
Epstein, M. J. (2008). Making sustainability work. San Francisco, CA: Greenleaf
Publishing Limited.
Epstein, M., & Roy, M. (2003). Improving sustainability performance: Specifying, implementing
and measuring key principles. Journal of General Management, 29(1), 15-31.
French, S. (2009). Critiquing the language of strategic management. The Journal of Management
Development, 28(1), 6-17. doi: 10.1108/02621710910923836 [This is a journal article
citation from a Library database. Include a doi number if available.]
Ginter, P., Ruck, A., & Duncan, W. (1985). Planners’ perceptions of the strategic management
process. Journal of Management Studies, 22(6), 581-596.
Hollingworth, M. (2009, November/December). Building 360 organizational sustainability. Ivey
Business Journal Online. Retrieved from
http://www.iveybusinessjournal.com/article.asp?intArticle_ID=868 [This is a journal that
is published online, so you would include the URL.]
Reuters. (2010). Walgreens Co. (WAG.N). Retrieved from
http://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/companyProfile?symbol=WAG.N
INSERT FIRST 50 CHARACTERS OF TITLE [double click to edit]
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Walgreens. (2010a). Mission statement. Retrieved from
http://news.walgreens.com/article_display.cfm?article_id=1042 [This is a website citation
with a corporate author. If you retrieve information from various pages of this particular
website, you need to cite each web page. However, because the author and the year will
be exactly the same, the lowercase letters, “a,” “b,” etc. need to be added to the year. The
in-text citation would be: (Walgreens, 2010a).]
Walgreens. (2010b). Our past. Retrieved from
http://www.walgreens.com/marketing/about/history/default.html
Running head: ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY – PORTFOLIO OPTION #2
Annotated Bibliography – Portfolio Option #2
Kelly A. Goodnow
ECN400 – Managerial Economics
Dr. Tilokie Depoo
Colorado State University Global Campus
March 31, 2019
1
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY – PORTFOLIO OPTION #2
2
Annotated Bibliography – Portfolio Option #2
Mukunda, G. (2018, September 25). The Social and Political Costs of the Financial Crisis, 10
Years Later. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2018/09/the-social-and-political-costs-ofthe-financial-crisis-10-years-later
Mukunda, (2018) illustrates how the American government chose to respond to the financial
sector’s role in the financial crisis. According to the article, the government offered enormous
bailouts to prevent the possibility of a second Depression. The decision is considered
economically optimal in its role in preventing a far worse outcome at a low cost. The
government allowed bail outs to banks to enable them to continue remitting bonuses to
employees as the rescue tactic for the American economy while incurring the lowest financial
cost. The basic argument of bail outs was to help banks by saving the health of the financial
sector.
Turner, A. (2019, March 29). What if Zero Interest Rates Are the New Normal? by Adair
Turner. Retrieved from https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/stallinggrowth-revives-monetary-finance-proposals-by-adair-turner-2019-03
Turner, A. (2019) illustrates how governments and central banks used interest rates to address
the 2008 financial crisis. Major central banks responded by cutting short term interest rates and
buying large amounts of bonds. These developed-economy interest rates are still in play today,
with the United States having ten-year yield above 1%. The government’s response was a
monetary policy aimed at curbing the recession and stimulating economic growth in the
subsequent years following the recession. The zero-interest rate policy meant that the central
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY – PORTFOLIO OPTION #2
3
bank could no longer reduce interest rates and adopted unconventional means aimed at
increasing the monetary base. The Federal Reserve used these unconventional policies to reduce
short and long-term interest rates and the subsequent improvements in investments were cited as
having positive effects on the economy.
Running head: PORTFOLIO OPTION #2 – MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS
Portfolio Option #2 – Macroeconomic Indicators
Kelly A. Goodnow
ECN400 – Managerial Economics
Colorado State University – Global Campus
Dr. Tilokie Depoor
May 5, 2019
1
PORTFOLIO OPTION #2 – MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS
2
Portfolio Option #2 – Macroeconomic Indicators
Financial analysis and gauges are those often-voluminous figures put only by
governments, non-profit corporations and even private corporations. They offer dimensions
for examining the wellbeing of our financial system, the latest industry cycle and the
expenses of customers. Gross Domestic Product is one macro-economic indicator that the
central Reserve utilizes to regulate its fiscal policy (Ashraf, Gershman, & Howitt, 2016). A
rise in Gross Domestic Product indicate a strong economy making companies to regulate
their costs on record, payroll and other ventures founded on GDP yield. Nonetheless, this
gauge is also not perfect as it can be confusing because of programs such as quantitative
moderation and unnecessary government expenditure.
Income Earnings
Secondly, if the economy is functioning effectively, income should increase
frequently to sustain the standard cost of livelihood. When earnings decline however it is a
sign that managers are reducing compensation rate, dismissing employees or minimizing their
working hours. Reduced earnings can also mirror a setting where ventures are not performing
well. Earnings are broken down by demographics like sex, way of life and level of education.
These factors give insight into how income adjusts for diverse groups (Ashraf, Gershman, &
Howitt, 2016). This is significant because a tendency influencing some outliers may imply an
earnings crisis for the whole nation rather than just the people it influences.
Unemployment Rate
Unemployment rate is also another significant gauge of economic health. Elevated
unemployment rates demonstrate that customers have less cash to use, which negatively
influences retail stores (Ashraf, Gershman, & Howitt, 2016). Nevertheless, like other
pointers, joblessness can be ambiguous. It only mirrors the fraction of jobless people who
PORTFOLIO OPTION #2 – MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS
3
have looked for employment within the past one month and regard those with part time
employment as fully working.
Inflation Rate
The inflation rate is computed by gauging the price of necessary merchandise and
services. A high price increase may erode the worth of the dollar faster than the standard
customer’s earnings can compensate. This thus decreases customer buying power and the
average pattern of living goes down. Conversely, inflation is not wholly a terrible thing
particularly if it’s aligned with the adjustments of standard customer earnings (Ashraf,
Gershman, & Howitt, 2016). It supports expenditure and investments that can aid the
economy to develop and maintain interest rates at a high-level, supporting individuals to
invest.
PORTFOLIO OPTION #2 – MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS
4
References
Ashraf, Q., Gershman, B., & Howitt, P. (2016). How inflation affects macroeconomic
performance: an agent-based computational investigation. Macroeconomic Dynamics
20(2), 558-581.
Running head: POLICIES PUT IN PLACE DURING FINANCIAL CRISIS
Policies Put in Place During Financial Crisis
Kelly A. Goodnow
ECN400 – Managerial Economics
Colorado State University – Global Campus
Dr. Tilokie Depoo
April 15, 2019
1
POLICIES PUT IN PLACE DURING FINANCIAL CRISIS
2
Policies Put in Place During Financial Crisis
The financial crisis represents the various situations in which the financial assets lose a
more significant part of its nominal value. There are many financial crises experienced in the
19th and 20th century which have been attributed to the banking panics and recessions which
coincided with the panics. The financial crisis of 2007-2008 also known as the global financial
crisis was the worst economic disaster which began with the subprime mortgage lending crisis
that occurred in 2008 and later expanded into a global banking crisis. During the recent financial
crisis to save the economy, the government undertook the massive intervention. The discussion
provides the government policies put in place during the recent financial crisis.
Government Policies During the Financial Crisis
The government instituted policies that focused on financial institutions and markets
together with the flow of credit to the businesses and households, and this was through lowering
the interest and making backup sources of liquidity for financial institutions to revive the
financial market. Through this policy, it became easy for businesses and households to get loans
from the private lenders and pay the loans since there was a low-interest rate thereby reviving the
economy that was affected by the financial crisis. (Taylor, 2009) The policy helped to stabilize
banks together with the liquidity programs of the Federal Reserve that was put by the
government prevented the downward spiral of the economy.
Even before the financial crisis ended, the government had put forward regulatory reform
programs in motion which helped to strengthen the capital, liquidity, and risk management
positions of large banks in the country. Through the regulatory reform programs instituted by the
government during the financial crisis, the large financial institutions in the country were
sufficiently strong and were able to function effectively through lending to the creditworthy
POLICIES PUT IN PLACE DURING FINANCIAL CRISIS
3
businesses and household during the period of substantial financial stress (Tarullo, 2016). This
made it possible for the government to control the flow of money into the economy during the
financial crisis to maintain the level of inflation and to protect the economy of the country. The
government after the 2008 financial crisis also engaged in winding down Fannie and Freddie and
at the same time ascertaining stability in the housing market.
The third policy the government put in place during the financial crisis was that it
indemnifies mortgages servicers for participating in the financial market since mortgages were
the leading cause of the financial crisis. This policy made it possible for many individuals to
participate in the Treasury program even with the substantial costs to the government. The
undertaking also helped the government through the Federal Reserve to increase the capital
requirements for the shadow banks especially those that were engaging in mortgages together
with the depository institutions and made them countercyclical (Gertler, Kiyotaki & Queralto,
2012). Through this avenue of focusing in the bank governance and culture especially on the
broader issue of mortgagees helped many financial institutions during the financial crisis.
During the financial crisis, the government put the fiscal policy forwards by increasing
government spending in the economy. Through the government spending resources in the
economy, it made it possible for the public to access the funds in the economy and utilize the
resources in their daily operation thereby becoming financially stable. The government also used
her resources to provide aid to the prominent financial firms, and in return, it provided financial
stability to the financial markets thereby protecting the taxpayers from the financial crisis. Since
the supply of money in the economy was limited that led to the financial crisis, the fiscal policies
by the government helped to reduce the effect attributed by the crisis.
Conclusion
POLICIES PUT IN PLACE DURING FINANCIAL CRISIS
4
The government plays a leading role in safeguarding the economy from financial and
economic crisis through its implementation of either fiscal or monetary policies. These policies
have ideally helped the country financial markets to stay stable without a significant financial
crisis. Financial institutions should also not engage in practices that will jeopardize their
financial markets.
POLICIES PUT IN PLACE DURING FINANCIAL CRISIS
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References
Taylor, J. B. (2009). The financial crisis and the policy responses: An empirical analysis of
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