Wilkes University Internet Addiction & Depression & Antibiotics Analysis i have two projects i need to assess individually. For the assessment portion, the

Wilkes University Internet Addiction & Depression & Antibiotics Analysis i have two projects i need to assess individually. For the assessment portion, there are 15 criteria or “aspects” to assess for the each 2 projects. **For each criteria/aspect, you are required to grade and type something for each aspect ( look at the aspects dock to see the 15 aspects to grade and write comment from each aspects) the background
Antibiotics are among the most prescribed medications prescribed by doctors. They
work to kill bacteria that cause disease, but they are not a cure for all diseases.
Antibiotics only help in treating diseases caused by bacteria, such as tonsillitis,
pneumonia, cystitis, and meningitis, while they have no effect on infection caused by
viruses, and therefore do not help treat the flu.
However, bacteria can easily attack the body and multiply due to a weakened body
caused by a viral infection. For example, viral infection in the lung ultimately leads to
bacterial pneumonia, so it may sometimes be necessary to take antibiotics. Even in
cases of viral infection.
Types of antibiotics
● Broad-spectrum antibiotics: used to treat a wide range of infections.
● Narrow-spectrum antibiotics: only effective against a few bacteria.
● Antibiotics attack aerobic bacteria, and antibiotics that work against anaerobic
bacteria.
Hypothesis Development
● There are different types of antibiotics, and each group has a specific method
that kills the bacteria in it, and because bacteria are different types, so there
are antibiotics that cannot kill all types of bacteria.
● Therefore, the choice of an antibiotic for treatment should be dependent on
the type of infection, the affected area, the presence of bacteria resistant to
antibiotics, and many other factors depending on the type of infection.
Antibiotic usage
● Antibiotics are usually taken can orally or by injection.
● The effectiveness of antibiotics begins within a few hours of taking them.
● Antibiotic treatment must be completed to prevent reinfection and not to
give bacteria a chance to resist antibiotics in the future.
● Some antibiotics are taken on an empty stomach ‘one hour before food, or
two hours after food’, and some are taken with food.
● Dairy products should not be consumed when taking tetracycline
antibiotics, as they may affect drug absorption.
An overdose of the antibiotic or more than needed
The antibiotic should be limited, as an overdose may cause:
●
Poisoning: Some antibiotics do not kill bacteria, so they may harm the body either by
poisoning or an allergy.
●
Bacterial resistance to an antibiotic: The prolonged use of the antibiotic makes it less
effective (bacteria form antibodies against this type of antibiotic).
●
Disturbing the natural balance in the body: There are types of bacteria that are beneficial
to the body and they help it to function normally. The use of antibiotics may cause
excessive killing of beneficial bacteria with harmful bacteria, which leads to an imbalance
in the body.
Continued
Excessive use of antibiotics – especially taking antibiotics even when
treatment is not appropriate – enhances antibiotic resistance. According to
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately a third to
half of human antibiotic uses are unnecessary or inappropriate.
Conclusion
Antibiotics are effective against germs only, and since the doctor
alone can diagnose the disease and its causes, it is not a good idea
to take antibiotics without recommendation.
If your doctor recommends taking antibiotics, you should:
commitment to the dates of taking it and the specified dose for each
time.
Convenience between taking the medicine and meals according to
the recommendation of the doctor or pharmacist.
End the entire treatment as prescribed by your doctor.
Stop taking the medicine and notify the doctor when side effects
occur.
Internet addiction and depression
Aiman Algahtani
Abstract
The purpose of the experiment is to establish the perceived
correlation between internet addiction and depression and
anxiety,Internet addiction is perceived to be the leading cause of
depression and anxiety among children and adults. The sample
population is drawn from a group of ten people of mixed age who
have used the internet continually as well as those who have not
used the internet to the levels of addiction.
Background
•Most findings establish internet addiction as a leading
cause of depression within the populations, especially
the young.
•A study conducted among the Indian Dental students
by Kumar et al., 2018 establishes a growing
relationship between internet addiction and student
anxiety levels.
•Internet addiction has negative mental health
consequences.
•Rabadi (2017) Journal of Addiction Research &
Therapy argues that depression will occur twice as
high in cases of internet addiction rather than it would
occur by chance.
First peer reviewed article
•Most findings establish internet addiction as a leading cause of
depression within the populations, especially the young.
•A study conducted among the Indian Dental students by Kumar et
al., 2018 establishes a growing relationship between internet
addiction and student anxiety levels.
•Internet addiction has negative mental health consequences.
Second peer reviewed
article
•Rabadi (2017) Journal of Addiction Research &
Therapy argues that depression will occur twice as
high in cases of internet addiction rather than it would
occur by chance.
•The articles are firmly integrated into the ongoing
narrative of internet addiction and how it is influencing
the growing level of addiction.
•From these studies by Rabadi 2017, it is evident in
concluding that comorbid social media addiction is a
leading factor in depression and anxiety.
•The study herein is premised on the need to
understand that the internet alone is not a factor for
depression, but a multifactorial factor occurring across
even in people with no addiction.
Hypothesis
•Depression and anxiety are multifactorial and do not occur from a
single factor such as internet addiction alone.
Main manipulated variable
•The dependent variable is 560 people who are dependent on the internet.
These are varied to achieve the aims of the study.
•The independent variable are 200 people who are nondependent on the
internet.
•The level of internet use is kept constant for both the populations.
Confounding variable
•Confounding variables such as age, gender, and sex are some of the
variables that were put into the account and are eliminated by mixing
the number of adults, with half male and female taking part for each of
the populations.
•To remedy possible errors that can be met through this variable, the
population of the participants will be carefully controlled.
Constants
•The internet use among the participants in the study will be kept
constant.
•The level and frequency of use among the participants will also be
kept at a constant level.
•The participants time for the study will be kept constant and no other
observations can be made past the allocated times to minimize the
errors
Sample
•The sample is a total of 760 participants.
•Half of these are males and females ranging in age from 16 to 60
years.
•The experimental group is made up of 560 participants.
•The control group is made up of 100 participants who are people who
have not been addicted to the internet or do not use it at all.
Ethical Issues
•The study protocol must be reviewed by the institutional review board which ensures
that all the factors that must be met when dealing with human subjects are met.
•The consent of the participants must be
obtained.
•The study objectives will be explained to all the participants and they will be required
to freely sign that they have consented to take part in the study.
•The identities of the participants will also be kept unknown.
Procedure and
Measurement
•Questionnaires will be passed to the participants who have given
their consent to take part in the study.
•This will take place under the supervision of a trained investigator.
•Doubts about filling the questionnaire are addressed by the
investigator.
•Participants will not be allowed to confer amongst themselves and
incomplete questionnaires must be completed.
•The set up of the study will be within a
learning institution where the large pool
can be easily obtained.
Continuation
•To solve the problem of attrition and
incomplete questionnaires, more students
will be added to the study.
•A simple random sampling method will be
used in carrying out the study.
Bias
•Social desirability bias is a possible threat to
the validity of the study.
•This involves the participants giving false
responses in order to impress the investigator.
•To remedy this, the study will carry out
longitudinal studies in other institutions with
different sets of participants.
•The random sampling approach will be used
in eliminating both experimenter and subject
bias.
Experimental
Analysis
•Data will be analyzed using SPSS to come
up with the best results for the study.
•Logistic regression analysis will be performed
to identify the predictors of depression and
internet addiction.
•The values will be significantly considered if it
is prone to errors.
•The occurrence of depression and anxiety
across the people who have not used the
internet to the level of addiction supports the
hypothesis.
Replication
•This will be carried out to increase validity
and ensure there are no errors.
•The study will be replicated four times.
•This would maintain the number of
participants but different setups
References
•Kumar, S., Kumar, A., Badiyani, B., Singh, S. K., Gupta, A., & Ismail,
M. B. (2018). Relationship of internet addiction with depression and
academic performance in Indian dental students. Cluj Medical, 91(3),
300.
•Rabadi, G. (2017). Journal of Addiction Research & Therapy.
Aspect 1
Is the Abstract present and complete?
3 = contains 3 parts: hypothesis, sample, measurements
2 = contains 2 of the 3 parts
1 = contains 1 of the 3 parts
0 = missing abstract
In the comment box, write something about the quality of the Abstract (good or bad).
Grade for Aspect 1
Choose…
3/3
Comment for Aspect 1:
2/3
1/3
0/3
Aspect 2
Are information and important definitions given about the topic and what research has been
done in this area?
3 = contains background information about topic and summary of 2 articles
2 = roughly 50-75% of the requirements were met
1 = roughly 1-49% of the requirements were met
0 = missing all 3
In the comment box, state something about the quality of this portion of the 1st Principles
section (good or bad) and any improvements that can be made.
Grade for Aspect 2
Choose…
3/3
Comment for Aspect 2:
2/3
1/3
0/3
Aspect 3
Describe the importance and how the proposed experiment was developed (“motivation”)
based on the background information.
3 = importance, hypothesis development using background information
2 = roughly 50-75% of the requirements were met
1 = roughly 1-49% of the requirements were met
0 = missing all 3
In the comment box, state something about the quality of this portion of the 1st Principles
section (good or bad) and any improvements that can be made.
Grade for Aspect 3
Choose…
3/3
Comment for Aspect 3:
2/3
1/3
0/3
Aspect 4
Is a testable, specific hypothesis included and stated in the correct form (not a question)?
3 = testable and stated clearly in the correct form
2 = doesn’t meet one of the requirements (clearly stated, testable, correct form)
1 = stated as a question and isn’t either clearly stated or testable
0 = not stated at all
In the comment box, state any improvements that can be made to this Hypothesis or whether it
is good enough as is.
Grade for Aspect 4
Choose…
3/3
Comment for Aspect 4:
2/3
1/3
0/3
Aspect 5
Is there only 1 independent variable or main manipulated variable? Is it clearly described and
does it match the hypothesis? Is the dependent variable stated?
3 = Only 1 independent variable that is clearly described and matches the hypothesis;
dependent variable matches hypothesis, too.
2 = 2 of the 3 requirements present (only 1, clearly defined, matches hypothesis) OR missing
dependent variable
1 = 1 of the 3 requirements present and missing dependent variable
0 = main manipulated variable and dependent variable both are missing
In the comment box, state any changes that can be made to the main manipulated variable
and/or dependent variable
Grade for Aspect 5
Choose…
3/3
Comment for Aspect 5:
2/3
1/3
0/3
Aspect 6
Are confounding variables included?
3 = 2 or more are stated and how to remove is included
2 = 1 confounding variable and how to remove OR 2 confounding variables and no mention of
removal
1 = 1 confounding variable is describe only
0 = missing confounding variables
In the comment box, can you suggest a missing confounding variable?
Grade for Aspect 6
Choose…
3/3
Comment for Aspect 6:
2/3
1/3
0/3
Aspect 7
Are constants (aka controlling variables) included?
3 = variables related to procedure are held constant, including some confounding variables
2 = characteristics of the sample are held constant as well variables related to the procedure
1 = characteristics of the sample are held constant only
0 = constants are missing
In the comment box, say something about the constants chosen and whether some of the
confounding variables could become constants.
Grade for Aspect 7
Choose…
3/3
Comment for Aspect 7:
2/3
1/3
0/3
Aspect 8
Are the experimental group and control group well-described by stating the number of subjects
in each group and characteristics of each group? Is the sample representative?
3 = The sample is representative and the number and characteristics of both the experimental
group and control group are stated.
2 = one of the three (representativeness, number, characteristics) is missing
1 = two of the three are missing
0 = Sample is missing
In the comment box state whether the control group agrees with the hypothesis and main
manipulated variable.
Grade for Aspect 8
Choose…
3/3
Comment for Aspect 8
2/3
1/3
0/3
Aspect 9
Are ethical issues (approval by review boards, signed-informed consent, ability to drop out)
addressed?
3 = all issues are addressed
2 = 2 of the 3 issues are addressed
1 = 1 of the 3 issues is addressed
0 = ethical issues are missing
Some projects will have additional ethical concerns. In the comment box, suggest others if
applicable. Otherwise, state that the person did a great job!
Grade for Aspect 9
Choose…
3/3
Comment for Aspect 9
2/3
1/3
0/3
Aspect 10
Procedure and measurement should be detailed enough so it could be replicated by a
reasonably knowledgeable person. Does this procedure include: 1) length of time, 2) location,
3) how sample was selected, 4) equipment or instrumentation used, 5) types of measurements,
6) frequency of measurements
3 = all 6 stated requirements included
2 = 3-5 stated requirements included
1 = 1-2 stated requirements included
0 = missing procedure
In the comment box, include address anything in the procedure that you don’t understand or is
not clear. If none, then give a compliment.
Grade for Aspect 10
Choose…
3/3
Comment for Aspect 10
2/3
1/3
0/3
Aspect 11
Are all 3 types of bias mentioned and ways to remove included? Blind? double-blind?
representative sample?
3 = Ways to remove experimenter, subject, and sampling bias are stated
2 = Ways to remove 2 of the 3 bias are included
1 = Ways to remove 1 of the 3 bias are included
0 = Bias section is missing
In the comment box, state whether there are other ways to remove bias that are missing. If
none, then give a compliment.
Grade for Aspect 11
Choose…
3/3
Comment for Aspect 11
2/3
1/3
0/3
Aspect 12
Analysis section: How are errors being removed? This may include personal errors or analysis
errors. What results will support the hypothesis? not support the hypothesis?
3 = sources of error identified and removed; results that support and not support hypothesis
stated.
2 = results are stated but not sources of error
1 = only results that support hypothesis or not support hypothesis is stated, but not both
0 = analysis section is missing
In the comment box, state whether statistical calculations like mean, mode, standard deviation
would be appropriate if not mentioned.
Grade for Aspect 12
Choose…
3/3
Comment for Aspect 12:
2/3
1/3
0/3
Aspect 13
Does the proposal include self-replication? In other words, will the researchers do the
experiment again with another sample?
1 = self-replication included
0 = self-replication not included
In the comment box, make suggestions or give compliments.
Grade for Aspect 13
Choose…
1/1
Comment for Aspect 13:
Aspect 14
0/1
Were sources cited throughout the presentation? This includes sources of pictures used in the
presentation. Information from the peer-reviewed articles must be cited. Were references
listed in an acceptable style like APA or MLA?
3 = citations within presentation and at least 2 articles are in the reference section; references
listed using a standard format
2 = citations within presentation and at least 2 articles are in the reference section but format is
incorrect
1 = no citations and 1 article included
0 = missing both citations and references
In the comment box, state items that may need to be cited and weren’t. Otherwise, state that
everything looks good!
Grade for Aspect 14
Choose…
3/3
Comment for Aspect 14:
15: Overall feedback
Feedback for the author
2/3
1/3
0/3

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