Module 4 drop box – The assignment for this module is to create a Graphic Organizer that synthesizes and conveys your understanding of the information pres
Module 4 drop box – The assignment for this module is to create a Graphic Organizer that synthesizes and conveys your understanding of the information presented in Module 4. I have attached three sample Graphic Organizers in Module 4 related to different content for your review. External Environments of Schools
External Influences and Constituencies for
School Districts
Colleges and
Universities
Educational
Association
Accrediting
Agencies
Legislatures
Regulatory
Agencies
Unions
Taxpayers
Parents
School
District
Five Problematic Situations that might arise for
Administrators
Preferences
Regarding
Possible
Outcomes
Alternative
Courses of
Action and
their
Outcomes
Strategies
and Tactics
Potential
Outcomes
Lack of
Knowledge
Internal Coping Strategies
Internal
Coping
Strategies
Buffering Planning and
Forecasting
Boundary
Spanning
Influence Tactics of Interest Groups
Engaging the
Mass Media
Protesting
And
Demonstrating
Litigating Generating
Constituent
Influence
Contacting
legislators and
other officials
directly
Testifying at
legislative
hearings
Forming
Coalitions
Influence
Tactics of
Interest
Groups
Conformity and Institutional Environments
(Three Mechanisms that promote conformity)
Conformity and
Institutional
Environments
Coercive
Conformity
Imitative
Conformity
Normative
Conformity
Challenging Administrative Practices
Multiple
stakeholders
prefer different
effectiveness
criteria
Definitions of
what constitutes
organizational
effectiveness do
not remain
constant
Issues of
school
effectiveness
Challenging
Administrative
Practices
National Education Goals
Adult Literacy
and Lifelong
Learning
Parental
Participation
Teacher
Education and
Professional
Development
Student
Achievement
and
Citizenship
School
Completion
Ready to
Learn
Safe,
Disciplined,
and Alcohol
and Drug-Free
Schools
National
Education
Goals
Social Systems and School Effectiveness
Transformation
Processes
Academic
Achievement
Job
Satisfaction
Input-Output
Research
Performance
outcomes
Input
Criteria
School
Effectiveness
Orderly
Climate
Sense of
Community
Parental Support
and Environment
Staff
Development
Time
On
Task
Planned and
Purposeful
Curriculum
Staff
Stability
Clear Goals and
High Expectation
Instructional
Leadership
Effective
Schools
Smith and Purkey
The Drive for Accountability
Three underlying Principles
Schools
Schools Schools
Higher
Standards
Of
Performance
Assistance to
build
capacities for
improved
Education
Increased
Quality of
Performance
Outcomes
Accountability
Plans
Generally
Include:
Standards to
identify the
subject matter
knowledge and
skills to be
learned
Tests aligned with
the standards
Consequences to
recognize goal
attainment
Systematic
Comprehensive
School Reform
Promotes
Coherence
Reduces
Fragmentation
Aligns the state
accountability
system
