MGT112 UC San Diego Artificial Intelligence and Tech Unemployment Paper —The length should be around 10 pages, using Calibri 11 point font 1.5 lines spac

MGT112 UC San Diego Artificial Intelligence and Tech Unemployment Paper —The length should be around 10 pages, using Calibri 11 point font 1.5 lines spacing with 1 inch margins on all sides. Please be careful with this!

—USE SIMPLE LANGUAGE. No fancy words or sentences

—Pay close attention to the requirement!!!

Your requirements:

1. Follow the rubric. You have plenty of time!

2. Then trim what I have sent(Attached is 8 pages of this project) or start where the stuff I have sent ends and contribute the what can business do to recognize/respond to these forces.

3. Turn it into a whole new document.

Prompt:

1. Report Purpose:

The purpose of Report 1 is twofold:
1. To demonstrate your knowledge of the significance, scope and relevance of your chosen topic from the perspective of a global business manager
2. To inform, educate and stimulate further study of the chosen topic among members of the audience.

To this end you must strive to address the three main aspects of your assigned topic:

What is it? (i.e.) describe the nature of the phenomenon your team investigated.
Why does it matter? How big is it, what is its scope, impact and immediacy. i.e. what makes it a big deal?

3. What can a global business (manager) do about it? i.e. so what? In other words are there strategies and tactics a firm can adopt to help address/solve/mitigate the impact of the phenomenon.

By design, none of these topics is simple or easy to condense into a 15-18 page report. Therefore as a team you will have to analyze and then synthesize potentially very complicated issues and summarize them to an intelligent and interested audience. In so doing you will have to make so careful editing choices and sorely avoid the temptation to ramble on or throw everything and the kitchen sink at the audience,

In these following sections, I will strive to provide additional guidance on the organization of the content and delivery of your report.

Report Content:

Generally in a horror movie, the audience knows what is going to happen. The suspense is all about the “when”. Your report should not be a horror movie…ha ha. Hence you should tell the audience what you plan on telling them; tell it to them and in a sense tell them what you told them.

Therefore, your report should:

1. Begin with an Executive Summary. This should be done in ideally one or, at most one and a half pages. The purpose of this Executive Summary is to (hence the title) summarize the entire report. This gives the audience a road map for rest of the report.
2. In the body of the report, you should cover the aspects of the topic outlined above. Again, as you surely understand, the audience is safely assumed to be intelligent. So you do not need to talk down to them or kill them with long lists or excruciating details. So for example in covering aspect one, you may have chosen to include certain definitions of your topic (for example, our definition of neglected disease is…therefore we chose to focus on…… and not on…..for the rest of the report) and the audience does not need a long winded explanation of what you chose not to cover. They get it. Similarly, within reason, the audience is quite capable of multi-tasking. Therefore your pages can have pictures or tables and graphs and you could be offering examples or delivering particular interpretations of said pictures and graphs and the audience is well capable of assimilating these alongside the text. Duh.

3. In organizing the body of the report, make sure that aspect three (the so what?) is at least 30% of the report. This will be hard. By nature these topics are daunting to any firm, indeed any country to tackle head on. But the point is that like all tsunamis (all these topics are tsunamis of a sort) we cannot predict their timing but it would be criminal to not anticipate them and have plans to address them or even solve them.

4. Since the audience is one of students (including me), like all worthwhile events it should end with:

A) a set of succinct conclusions (it’s the bow on a present)
B) A short list (usually less than 4) things an interested listener can do to learn more about

the topic you have just presented. Simply put the report should hopefully sow seeds that with proper cultivation might grow into some big ideas.

Report format Submit your report as a PDF. Name your report as: MGT 112 S19-Tu Team # Topic.pdf The length should not exceed 18 pages, using Calibri 11 point font 1.5 lines spacing with 1 inch margins on all sides.

Let me know if you have any questions, Thanks AI and Technological Unemployment
MGT 112 Report 1
Group #3 (Ruoxi, Cole, Gabriel, Joshua)
Executive Summary:
In an era characterized by the ever-expanding reach of technology and an unrelenting
propensity toward widespread innovation, artificial intelligence has positioned itself at the forefront of a
new wave of computer automation, set to fundamentally alter human labor and global business in the
coming decades. Even today we are seeing AI-powered machines capable of acting in ways previously
thought to be solely within the domain of human capacity. Such inventions as self-driving cars and
seamless voice-to-text and facial recognition software have transcended the bounds of science fiction
and have already begun the process of integration within our daily lives.
As this phenomenon relates to global business, the question becomes, at what point will
machines edge out humans as a viable workforce? Undoubtedly, the question is not a matter of if but
when?, and leading figures in the
artificial intelligence field among
the likes of Andrew Ng, Ray
Kurzweil, Jeff Dean and countless
others suggest that the day in
which machines will be capable of
performing most jobs as well as–or
better than–their human
counterparts may be coming
sooner than we might expect (Ng,
2018)(Kurzweil, 2009)(Creighton,
2018).
What’s more, these artificially
intelligent machines will be less
resource-dependent, marginally
error prone, and ultimately
exponentially more cost-effective
than human workers. Perhaps
more surprising is the rate at
which information technology is accelerating and the growth of the machine learning sector at the heart
of AI, which is predicted to give rise to machines that wholly exceed human intelligence by as early as
2030 (Creighton, 2018). The lucrative potential afforded by Artificial Intelligence technology is a
phenomenon of which global business leaders are well aware and poised to procure. Top companies
around the world (Alphabet Inc, Amazon, Facebook, IBM, etc.) are investing heavily to reap the benefits
of what Google CEO Sundar Pichai describes as “probably the most important thing humanity has ever
worked on…more profound than electricity or fire”, a strong statement from the head of one of the
world’s most valuable brands (Petroff, 2018).
That said, not everyone is as enthused. The future of AI brings with it much uncertainty, and
wrapped up in this uncertainty is the extent to which human employees may be ostracized from former
labor roles in favor of comparatively more effective machines. Though the coming singularity1 is
heralded to introduce a new period of innovation beyond that of the scientific revolution, the nature of
human participation
within it remains to
be seen. A future
characterized by
superintelligent2
machines has its
advantages for
business and
beyond, but for the millions of workers who stand to lose their jobs in the ensuing decades, that future
may not be so bright. In fact, legitimate concerns surrounding artificial intelligence are becoming
increasingly common as the pace of technology continues to excel, and global businesses will need to
proceed carefully as they incorporate AI within their infrastructure. Accordingly, managers will have to
navigate the complex landscape created in the aftermath of potential mass unemployment while still
seeking a competitive edge.
What is it?
In a future where machine work rivals that of humans, widespread job loss resulting from
machine competition is all but guaranteed to occur. The question is, will there be new jobs to replace
1
A predicted point in time wherein Artificial Intelligence will give rise to machines that are smarter than
human beings.
2
“By a “superintelligence” we mean an intellect that is much smarter than the best human brains in
practically every field, including scientific creativity, general wisdom and social skills” (Bostrom 1998)
those that are lost, and if so
what kind of jobs will they
be? The graphic on the right
demonstrates the amount of
jobs deemed automatable
given modern AI technology.
Today, the global workforce
can rest easy knowing that
despite the fact that nearly
half of all jobs are technically
automatable, there is still
significant dependence on
human input in most of
them, approximately 70%
according to Mckinsey and
Company (Manyika et al,
2018). However, the need for
human input will only
decrease as machines
become more human-like
and less dependent on
human support, thereby
relegating such workers to secondary roles at best. At worst, people in such positions will be without a
job completely, forced to look elsewhere for employment in alternative sectors.
The above displays help to put in perspective just how quickly these trends will begin to take
hold. Adding to trends already set in motion since 2018 and years prior, employment opportunity in
variety of fields will continue to decline as a direct result of technological automation by 2022.
Additionally, by 2030 as much as 30% of the global workforce will be displaced by technical automation.
In order to survive in a dramatically changing job market in the coming years, workers will need to take
preemptive measures in order to ensure job security. Current employees at the greatest risk of
becoming obsolete include those in positions where typical tasks tend toward monotony, including jobs
such as customer care and call center operation, as well as jobs that are more physically involved yet
repetitive such as production line or factory assembly work. This sentiment makes sense given the
predisposition of computers toward
inherently tedious duties. Yet even
those in more skilled positions stand
to lose their jobs to Artificially
Intelligent machines by 2030. The
forthcoming adoption of fully
autonomous cars is a case in point,
whereby demand for professional
drivers is sure to drop substantially
in favor of safer and more efficient
AI automobiles (Krasadakis, 2018).
In the right image we see an example of one of many self-driving cars set to hit U.S. roads in the near
future. This particular model is the product of Waymo LLC, a subsidiary of Alphabet Inc. which originally
began as a driverless car project at Google (Korosec, 2018). Waymo intends to use its driverless cars
primarily for taxi services, with plans to expand to long-distance trucking and more in the future.
Immediacy and Scope
Although artificial intelligence technology has demonstrated unprecedented growth since its
inception, the future of this new frontier is unknown. However, by analyzing the bounds of progress AI
has been making, it is transparent that AI technology will permeate all types of businesses and people’s
daily lives. AI will impact the world by improving image processing, machine learning, speech
recognition, and natural language processing, ultimately affecting numerous industries such as
manufacturing, health care, and life sciences, public sector, retail, and more. Ever since its inception AI
technology has drastically improved numerous processes, and benefited society however with new
technology arises new challenges and limitations that could be detrimental to society. (Rahul,
2018l)(Roe, 2018)(Rohan, 2018)
As shown in the graph the AI
market is expected to maintain
the trend of exponential
growth in the coming years. In
2016 the global artificial
intelligence market was worth
around $7.35 billion which is
over double the AI market in
2016. Experts are estimating
that the AI market will keep
exponentially increasing so
much so that by 2025 the
market will be worth $160-190
billion with a CPRG (compound
annual growth rate) of around
37%. (“?Artificial Intelligence
Market Size…”?)(Rahul, 2018)(Rohan, 2018)
The artificial intelligence market is segmented into three sections industry vertical, geography,
and technology. The AI vertical industry market is segmented into categories as well such as “media &
advertising, retail, telecom & IT, healthcare, automotive & transportation, and others” (Rahul, 2018).
Currently, the vertical industry market category IT & telecom segment is expected to dominate the
global AI market throughout the forecast period. Geographically, the AI market is analyzed across
Europe, Latin America, Middle East, Asia-Pacific, Africa, as well as North America, the highest revenue
share contributor amongst the six regions. The various AI technologies are subdivided into four
categories: image processing, machine learning, speech recognition, natural language processing, and
speech recognition. The category which is dominating the market in terms of revenue is the machine
learning segment. Since there will be an increase in demand for artificial intelligence industry solutions,
it is expected that the machine learning segment will maintain its trend in the coming years. (“?Artificial
Intelligence Market Size…”?)(Rahul, 2018)(Rohan, 2018)
Artificial intelligence is currently being used in many diverse ways to impact people’s everyday
lives, business decisions, as well as business operations. Through the implementation of AI technology,
several industries including but not limited to: energy, finance, health care, automotive, mass media,
marketing, and the public sector are being impacted. (“?Artificial Intelligence Market Size…”?)(?Editors,
2017?) (Marr, 2018)
Through the use of machine learning, big data, and advanced analytics the global energy leader,
BP has improved the use of “resources and safety and reliability of oil and gas production and refining”
(Marr 2018). To improve and maintain performance, BP has implemented smart sensors and AI
technology that will relay the conditions at each of their drilling sites to engineers, scientists and
decision makers. (Marr, 2018)
American Express has over 110 million American Express cards in operation and processes $1
trillion in transactions. To reduce the likelihood of fraud American Express relies heavily on data
analytics and machine learning algorithms that are able to detect potential instances of fraud in real
time. (Marr, 2018)
The expanding accessibility of healthcare data and the rapid advancement of big data analytics
techniques have made AI a mainstay in healthcare. Currently, AI technology is being used in the
healthcare industry to determine clinically relevant information/data, to aid in clinical decision making
and eliminate human judgment in certain areas of healthcare as a means of omitting bias or inaccuracy.
For example, an AI system in the healthcare industry would be assisting physicians by providing medical
information from journals, textbooks, and clinical practices and it would also be used to reduce
diagnostic and therapeutic errors that are inevitable in human clinical practices such as radiology.
(Editor, 2017)(Marr, 2018)
In the automotive industry, AI is being applied to create self-driving cars that keep people
connected, on schedule, and safe. The implementation of image recognition and machine learning
allows for cars for in the 21 century to be able to steer, brake, learn and accelerate all by itself. Through
the use of cameras, ultrasonic sensors, sonar, radar, and GPS cars such as the Tesla 3 use an AI program
that turns sensory data into vehicle control data. As the self-driving car becomes more prevalent,
people’s cars will work together and communicate with one another to reduce traffic and accidents.
(Editor, 2017)(Heath, 2018)(Marr, 2018)(Roe, 2018)
New forms of media have emerged through the implementation of AI technology, such as the
BBC project, ?Talking with Machines?, which is an audio drama that allows listeners to be apart of the
story as it prompts the listener to answer questions and insert their own words and answers into the
story via a smart speaker. Through the use of smart speakers which implement natural language
processes, BBC can create audio drama using Amazon Echo and Google Home. (“?Artificial Intelligence
Market Size…”?)(Marr, 2018) (Roe, 2018)
Marketing platforms have come more intelligent because of machine learning, allowing for
greater personalization and highly targeted marketing. For example, Bloomtrain a company which claims
to show marketers precisely who to target to achieve the outcome that matters most to one’s business.
Based on one’s behavior and actions, AI software programs like Boomtrain can create a highly
personalized buyers experience, forging the way for more targeted and effective lead nurturing. (Editor,
2017)(Marr, 2018)(Roe, 2018)
Companies are using more and more virtual assistance aka ‘chatbots’ to engage with customers
and to analyze and collect customer data. An example of this would be Domino’s since they’ve
implemented a Facebook Messenger virtual assistant that allows customers to order from its full menu
over chat. Chatbots similarly to humans can build upon previous conversations to become more
intelligent. Chatbots can store information from earlier discussions, remember it and create a more
personalized experience for customers. Another benefit of having a virtual assistant embedded with
machine learning, and natural language processes is that virtual assistants can provide 24/7 customer
service. (Editor, 2017)(Marr,
2018)(Roe, 2018)
Currently, the
Chinese government is
implementing a social credit
system for each one of its 1.4
billion citizens based on how
they behave. By using
autonomous powered
algorithms to inspect, track
and analyze an individual’s
every move on social media. By also using cameras that use facial recognition algorithms China will
explain where and when you smoke, how much you spend playing video games, and how much one
drinks. By having machines collect and track and analyze almost everything about you it is possible that
information about you could be used against you. (?“Digital Dictatorship…”?)(?“What Are the Pros and
Cons of AI?”?)(Roe, 2018)
Artificial Intelligence is beneficial to society since it increases an organization efficiency, lowers
the possibility of human error, the creation of smart technology, and fees up humans to do what they do
best. When an organization implements AI technology it usually only takes a matter of weeks for an
organization to see the benefits. For example, BP implementation of AI technology resulted in a quick
increase in efficiency and cost savings. By implementing AI in healthcare physicians can us clinically
relevant information/data to help
clinical decision making and eliminate
the likelihood of human errors in
certain areas of healthcare such as
radiology. Smart technology has
benefited society by building
self-driving cars which decrease the
possibility of an accident. Smart
technology has also created
interactive experience such as the BBC
project, ?Talking with Machines?.
Ultimately AI technology will allow
humans to focus on interpersonal and
creative aspects of work since AI
machines would complete the tedious
tasks. According to scholars, AI can
improve 66% of performance beyond
that provided by other analytics
techniques as shown in the figure above. However, like any new frontier in technology results in new
challenges and limitations. (?“Digital Dictatorship…”?)(Editor, 2017)(?“What Are the Pros and Cons of
AI?”?)(?Manyika, 2017?)(Marr, 2018)(Roe, 2018)
The implementation of AI creates new concerns as well as new challenges. Challenges that will
also arise from the use of AI will be cyberhacking, social manipulation, and unforeseen consequences
such as the Facebook privacy scandal. Looking at the labor displacement and productivity effects of AI
on employment, experts believe that routine manual and cognitive skills that are mid-level jobs are the
most likely to be replaced by AI technology. (?“What Are the Pros and Cons of AI?”?)(?Manyika, 2017?)(Marr,
2018)
Currently, we cannot solely rely on AI, but by addressing its flaws and being aware of its
limitations, society will be able to maximize the good, minimize the danger and eradicate the ugly.
(?“What Are the Pros and Cons of AI?”?)(?Manyika, 2017?)
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