Feminist Issues Chapter 2 Race Class and Sexuality Argumentative Essay kindly read through the instructions before you bid For this Argument Note, I am re

Feminist Issues Chapter 2 Race Class and Sexuality Argumentative Essay kindly read through the instructions before you bid

For this Argument Note, I am required to choose 2 from the following and select up to 4 key points from each reading and summarize them:

Pages 35-57 in Feminist Issues: Race, Class and Sexuality, 6th edition (2017). This chapter is written by Carmela Murdocca.
Pages 62-85 in Feminist Issues: Race, Class and Sexuality, 6th edition (2017). This chapter is written by Corinne Mason. 3
. Pages 1-36 in the book Bananas, Beaches and Bases, written by Cynthia Enloe.

I have chosen #1 and #2, please base the Argument Note on #1 (Page 35-57) and #2 (Page 62-85).

The most important part of this Argument Note are the 3 sections: Summary, Integration, Questions & Reactions (please see attached Argument Note (In Detail)).

How the Argument Note Paper should look like:

Minimum length is 3 pages. Maximum length is 5.25 pages, excluding title page and reference list. This is approximately 1300 words.

Final AN paper should be 3-5 pages of writing, and 5-7 pieces of paper, as follows:

Page 1: title page with your name, the course name, assignment title and date
Pages 2-4: Use up to 3 pages for your Summary section. Note: This must contain in text citations. (Identify and summarize the key argument(s) or main point(s) of the readings)
Next page: Your Integration section. (Pick one or two ways in which the author’s arguments or overall points from each reading relate to other course materials – how do the argument you summarized challenge, complement, complicate or in some other way relate to something you learned. Look points of similarity or difference and be sure to state how and why these arguments relate to one another. Please incorporate course concepts regarding: feminist theories, patriarchy and oppression and analyze why this issue/these conditions exist)
Last page of writing: your Questions and Reactions section. (Summarize your reaction to the readings. Identify questions the readings raise for yo – this can be the place to put your specific questions about which parts of the reading did not make sense; discuss your reaction to the content, not the style of the reading, focus on items that were not discussed in this reading)
Final page: Your Reference List. In full APA format. (All sources cited should all be in the textbooks, specifically Mandell, N. (2017) – Feminist issues Race, class and sexuality (6th edition) PAGES 35-57 and PAGES 62-85). You may reference outside materials in your integration and question/reaction sections but the focus of this paper is to summarize and reflect on the assigned readings.)

NOTE: Please do not include reactions to readings in the Summary or Integration sections of the argument Notes.

please see attached documents below 1
Handout: AN-2 assignment information, WOMN 1600 D01 Summer 2019
What is an AN (Argument note)?
An argument note is written after you have read / viewed, and thought about the arguments put forth in an
academic, intellectual manner, on a given topic. In your AN papers, you are tasked with demonstrating
your understanding of the readings / videos I have assigned.
Each unit in WOMN 1600 has assigned readings and videos. Although the entire piece (chapter, video) is
assigned for study in this course, for your AN papers you are typically directed to summarize selected
pages / sections, as listed below.
Information on AN papers is given in the Course Syllabus. Please refer to the AN-1 handout for
information about how to get started with an AN paper.
Which items do I choose from for my AN-2 paper in WOMN 1600 this term?
Choose 2 from the list of options below. Remember you are not expected to summarize the entire
reading. Select up to 4 key points from each reading and summarize them.
1. Pages 35-57 in Feminist Issues: Race, Class and Sexuality, 6th edition (2017). This chapter is
written by Carmela Murdocca.
2. Pages 62-85 in Feminist Issues: Race, Class and Sexuality, 6th edition (2017). This chapter is
written by Corinne Mason.
3. Pages 1-36 in the book Bananas, Beaches and Bases, written by Cynthia Enloe.
Can I use headings in my AN papers?
Yes. Headings can be used to distinguish the 3 sections (summary, integration and questions/reactions).
Headings are optional, but paragraphing is not. Use proper paragraph structure as outlined here:
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/paragraphs_and_paragraphing/index.html
What should my final AN paper look like?
There was some confusion about the wording online that stated that papers are a “maximum of 1200
words”. I no longer use word count as the guideline, since word count varies widely. The online
assignment information should read as follows:
2
Minimum length is 3 pages. Maximum length is 5.25 pages, excluding title page and reference list. This
is approximately 1300 words.
Your final AN paper should be 3-5 pages of writing, and 5-7 pieces of paper, as follows:
Page 1: title page with your name, the course name, assignment title and date
Pages 2-4: Use up to 3 pages for your Summary section. Note: This must contain in text citations. For
examples of what in text citations look like, review our main textbook, Feminist Issues. The first
paragraph on page 1 provides you with an example of how to cite a quote properly with quotation marks,
author, date and page number.
Next page: Your Integration section.
Last page of writing: your Questions and Reactions section.
Final page: Your Reference List. In full APA format.
You can book an appointment for an in-person or online writing tutor session through the U of M
Academic Learning Centre.
You should obtain an APA manual from the bookstore or library, or use the APA directions provided at
the OWL Purdue website:
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_li
st_basic_rules.html
Should my paper have an introduction and conclusion paragraph?
These are not required for AN papers. Your paper can have a brief (1-2 sentence) introduction and
conclusion if you like.
How are my AN papers graded?
We use the Significance of Letter grades chart (in the course syllabus) to assign a letter grade to your
paper. Please review this chart.
In your paper you must use in text citations, as described here:
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citat
ions_the_basics.html. This influences your grade on AN papers, and is part of the U of M policy on
avoiding academic integrity (i.e. avoiding plagiarism).
Feminist
Issues
Race, Class, and Sexuality
Sixth Edition
Nancy Mandell • Jennifer Johnson
Sixth Canadian Edition
Feminist Issues:
Race, Class, and
Sexuality
Nancy Mandell
York University
Jennifer L. Johnson
Thorneloe University, federated with Laurentian University
Toronto
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Credits and acknowledgments for material borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with
permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within the text.
If you purchased this book outside the United States or Canada, you should be aware that it has
been imported without the approval of the publisher or the author.
Copyright © 2017 Pearson Canada Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of
America. This publication is protected by copyright and permission should be obtained from the
publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any
form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain
permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Canada Inc.,
Permissions Department, 26 Prince Andrew Place, Don Mills, Ontario, M3C 2T8, or fax your request
to 416-447-3126, or submit a request to Permissions Requests at www.pearsoncanada.ca.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 [V0RY]
Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication
Feminist issues : race, class, and sexuality / [edited by]
Nancy Mandell (York University), Jennifer Johnson (Laurentian
University). — Sixth Canadian edition.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-13-514668-2 (paperback)
1. Feminism—Canada. 2. Women—Canada—Social conditions.
I. Mandell, Nancy, editor II. Johnson, Jennifer (Jennifer L.), editor
HQ1206.F445 2015
305.4
C2015-906618-2
ISBN 978-0-13-359366-2
Dedication
Micah, Eli, Charlotte, Brooke, and Emily
and
Leandré, Rhys, and Maël
Brief Contents
Chapter 1 Theorizing Women’s Oppression and Social Change: Liberal,
Socialist, Radical, and Postmodern Feminisms 1
Shana L. Calixte, Jennifer L. Johnson, and J. Maki Motapanyane
Chapter 2 Race, Indigeneity, and Feminism
35
Carmela Murdocca
Chapter 3 Transnational Feminism
62
Corinne L. Mason
Chapter 4 Stitch the Bitch: #girl#socialmedia#body#human
90
Katie Warfield, Fiona Whittington-Walsh
Chapter 5 Constructing Gender, Regulating Sexuality 119
Susanne Luhmann
Chapter 6 Through the Mirror of Beauty Culture
147
Carla Rice
Chapter 7
Men, Masculinities, and Feminism
175
Christopher J. Greig and Barbara A. Pollard
Chapter 8
Violence Against Women in Canada 201
Katherine M. J. McKenna
Chapter 9
Challenging Old Age: Women’s Next Revolution 229
Nancy Mandell and Ann Duffy
Chapter 10
Mothers’ Maintenance of Families Through Market
and Family Care Relations 256
Amber Gazso
Chapter 11 Women and Education
284
Michelle Webber
Chapter 12
Health As a Feminist Issue 311
Carrie Bourassa with contributions from Mel Bendig,
Eric Oleson, Cassie Ozog
iv
Contents
Notes on Contributors xi
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xvii
1
Theorizing Women’s Oppression and Social Change: Liberal,
Socialist, Radical, and Postmodern Feminisms 1
Shana L. Calixte, Jennifer L. Johnson, and J. Maki Motapanyane
Introduction 1
Liberal Feminism: Key Historical Points, Principles, and Goals
Contemporary and Global Dimensions of Liberal Feminist Thought
Critiques of Liberal Feminism 7
Socialist Feminism
8
Defining Socialist Feminism 8
Historical Background: Marxist and Socialist Feminism
The Contemporary and Global Landscapes 12
Critiques of Socialist Feminism 13
Radical Feminism
1
5
9
14
Defining Radical Feminism 14
Sites of Oppression: Patriarchy, the State, and the Family 14
Women’s Bodies: Reproduction, Pornography, and Violence 16
Female Separation: Lesbian Feminism and Cultural Feminism 18
Global and Contemporary Dimensions of Radical Feminist Thought
Critiques of Radical Feminism 20
Poststructural and Postmodern Feminism
19
21
Defining Poststructural and Postmodern Feminism 21
Historical Influences 23
Feminist Critiques of Poststructural and Postmodern Feminism
25
Conclusion 26
Endnotes 27
Discussion Questions 28
Bibliography 28
2
Race, Indigeneity, and Feminism 35
Carmela Murdocca
Introduction 35
Race, Colonialism, Modernity
36
v
Some Definitions: Colonialism, Imperialism, and Race
Race and Representation 41
Racialization 43
Race and Culture 44
37
Tracing Intersectionality 45
The “How” of Intersectionality 49
Some Possibilities and Limitations of Intersectionality
53
Conclusion 57
Endnotes 57
Discussion Questions 58
Bibliography 58
3
Transnational Feminism 62
Corinne L. Mason
Introduction 62
Globalization, Local/Global, and the Transnational
63
Local/Global 65
Transnational 66
Global Feminism and Transnational Feminism: Knowing the Difference
Migration 72
Representation 74
Decolonizing Feminist Thought 74
Decolonizing Feminist Research 75
Violence Against Women 77
Globalization and Violence against Women 78
Representing Violence against Women 78
Activism and Solidarity 80
Saving Other Women 80
The United Nations As a Site for Advocacy 83
Worker Solidarity 83
Conclusion 84
Endnotes 85
Discussion Questions 86
Bibliography 86
4
Stitch the Bitch: #girl#socialmedia#body#human 90
Katie Warfield, Fiona Whittington-Walsh
#Introduction 90
#Media#Ideology 93
#Nature#Body versus #Mind#Technology
#Social#Media 95
#Plugged-in#Girls 97
vi
Contents
93
68
#Iam#Amanda 99
#Iam#Malala 104
#Backlash 108
#Cyborg 111
Endnotes 113
Discussion Questions 114
Bibliography 114
5
Constructing Gender, Regulating Sexuality 119
Susanne Luhmann
Introduction 119
Learning about Sex—Constructing Sexuality
119
First Thoughts on Sex and Sexuality (and on Gender Too)
120
Why Have Sex? 121
Sex vs. Gender 122
Gender Differences in Cultural Context 122
Studying Gender Cross-Culturally 123
The Coherence of Sex, Gender, and Sexuality As Heterosexual Matrix
Binary Gender Constructions 124
A (Brief) History of Sexuality
124
126
One-Sex and Two-Sex Model 128
The Perilous Route of Sexual Differentiation 128
Intersex and Human Variation 129
The Invention of Heterosexuality 131
Charting Human Sexual Diversity 132
Constructing Sexuality Cross-culturally 133
The Strong Social Constructionist View 135
Constructing Sexual Normalcy 136
Feminist Challenges to “Sexual Normalcy” 136
The Compulsory Institution of Heterosexuality 137
Heterosexual Privilege 138
Queering Heterosexuality 139
Conclusion: The Antinomies of Young People’s Sexuality
142
Endnotes 143
Discussion Questions 144
Bibliography 144
6
Through the Mirror of Beauty Culture 147
Carla Rice
Introduction 147
The Uneasy Primacy of Images 148
Body Projects Today 151
Contents
vii
Weight and Eating 153
Eating Distress 155
Skin 157
Hair 160
Breasts 164
Conclusion: Recovering Beauty? 167
Endnotes 168
Discussion Questions 168
Bibliography 169
7
Men, Masculinities, and Feminism
175
Christopher J. Greig and Barbara A. Pollard
The Early Writings on Men and Masculinity
175
Early Writings on Men and Masculinity: 1970s and 1980s 176
Later Writings on Masculinities: The late 1980s to the Present 180
Understanding Masculinities 181
Hegemonic Masculinity 181
Masculinity As Performance 185
Masculinities and Intersectionality 186
Class and Masculinities 186
Race and Masculinities 187
Masculinities and Disabilities 188
Sport: A Key Social Location for the Making of Masculinities
190
Conclusion 195
Discussion Questions 196
Bibliography 196
8
Violence Against Women in Canada 201
Katherine M. J. McKenna
Introduction 201
Identifying the Problem 202
Types of Violence Against Women 204
Sexual Assault 204
Intimate Partner Violence 207
Sexual Harassment 214
Violence Against Women and Intersectionality
Pornography and Prostitution 220
216
Violence Against Women Internationally 221
Conclusion: Is it Possible to Have a Society Where Women
are Free from Male Violence? 222
viii
Contents
Endnotes 223
Discussion Questions 223
Bibliography 223
9
Challenging Old Age: Women’s Next Revolution
229
Nancy Mandell and Ann Duffy
Feminism and Ageism 229
Theorizing Age—Feminist Political Economy Perspectives 230
Aging and Poverty 232
Other Unattached Women 235
Racialized Poverty and Immigrant Women 236
Transnational Seniors 237
The Future: Precarious Pensions and Postponed Retirement 238
Aging and Caring: Giving and Receiving Care 241
Aging: Embodiment 245
Conclusion 247
Discussion Questions 248
Bibliography 249
10 Mothers’ Maintenance of Families Through Market
and Family Care Relations 256
Amber Gazso
Introduction 256
Some Brief Feminist Insights 257
The Contemporary Market and Family Care Relations of Mothers 260
Mothers’ Experiences of Work-Family Conflict 266
Strategies for Managing and Sustaining Market and
Family Care Relations 270
Transnational Management of Paid Work and Family Care
273
The Role of the State: Parental Leave Policy 274
Conclusion 277
Endnotes 278
Discussion Questions 278
Bibliography 278
11 Women and Education
284
Michelle Webber
Introduction 284
Historical Background 284
Lower Education 285
Contents
ix
Teachers and Principals 285
Students 286
Contemporary Research 289
Higher Education 293
Students 294
The Professoriate 295
Women’s Studies and Feminism in the Academy
Feminist Pedagogies 300
The Rise of the McUniversity 301
299
Conclusion 301
Discussion Questions 302
Bibliography 302
12 Health As a Feminist Issue 311
Carrie Bourassa with contributions from Mel Bendig, Eric Oleson,
Cassie Ozog
Introduction 311
Defining Health 311
Social Determinants of Health 313
Health As a Feminist Issue 315
Gender Equity and Bias 320
Canadian Demographics 321
Gender Equity, Social Determinants of Health and Intersectionality—
Let the Data Speak 321
Transnational Health Concerns 322
Canadian Health Trends 323
Immigrant Women’s Health
324
Indigenous Women’s Health 325
Relevant Policy Analysis 327
Intersectional Feminist Frameworks 329
Women’s Health Activism in Canada 330
Cultural Safety 332
Conclusion 334
Endnotes 334
Discussion Questions 335
Bibliography 335
Index
x
340
Contents
Notes on Contributors
Carrie Bourassa is Professor of Indigenous Health Studies at First Nations University of
Canada. She is proud to be the successful Nominated Principal Investigator on a Canada
Foundation for Innovation Grant that funded the Indigenous Community–based Health
Research Labs at FNUniv. She is a member of the College of New Scholars, Artists and
Scientists of the Royal Society of Canada. Carrie’s research interests include the impacts
of colonization on the health of Indigenous people; creating culturally safe care in health
service delivery; Indigenous community–based health research methodology; Indigenous
HIV/AIDS research; Indigenous end-of-life care and Indigenous women’s health. Carrie is
Métis, belonging to the Regina Riel Métis Council #34.
Shana L. Calixte is a PhD candidate in Gender, Feminist and Women’s Studies at
York University. Her teaching and research include critical race and sexuality studies in
the history of the Caribbean Girl Guides movement. She teaches courses such as Girl
Cultures, Female Sexualities, Hip-Hop Feminisms and Reproduction and Mothering at
Thorneloe University federated with Laurentian University. She is also the full time
Executive Director of NISA/Northern Initiative for Social Action, a peer-led mental
health organization serving thousands of Northern Ontarians. Recent publications
include articles in the Journal of Mental Health, and in Difficult Dialogues About 21st
Century Girls (forthcoming).
Ann Duffy is a Professor at Brock University in Sociology and Labour Studies. Her
research interests focus on the intersections between women, work (paid and unpaid),
social inequality, and the economy. She has co-authored and co-edited a variety of books
on the sociology of work, sociology of the family and family violence. With Professors
Daniel Glenday and Norene Pupo, she is presently co-authoring a book on the crisis in
Canadian employment. Having just completed a SSHRC-funded project on deindustrialization with Professors June Corman and Norene Pupo, she is also co-authoring a book on
the collapse of manufacturing in Niagara Region.
Amber Gazso is Associate Professor of Sociology, York University. She holds a PhD
in Sociology (University of Alberta, 2006). Her current research interests include
citizenship, family and gender relations, poverty, research methods, and social policy and
the welfare state. Her recent publications focus on low income mothers on social assistance
and Canadians and Americans’ experiences of midlife. Her current research explores how
diverse families make ends meet by piecing together networks of social support such as
government and community and informal supports. Another ongoing and comparative
project explores the relationship between health and income inequality among Canadians
and Americans in midlife.
Christopher J. Greig is Associate Professor at the University of Windsor, in the
Faculty of Education and Women’s and Gender Studies Program, Canada. His research
xi
is focused on historical perspectives on Canadian men, boys, and masculinities.
Feminist analyses of social, political and economic periods and contexts inform Greig’s
research, which appears in journals such as Educational Review, Discourse: Studies in the
Cultural Politics of Education, and the Alberta Journal of Educational Research and include
a co-edited book, Canadian Men and Masculinities: Historical and Contemporary
Perspectives (2012) and Ontario Boys: Masculinity and the Idea Boyhood in Postwar
Ontario, 1945–1960 (2014).
Jennifer L. Johnson is Associate Professor of Women’s, Gender and Sexuality Studies
at Thorneloe University federated with Laurentian University. Her research and teaching
include feminist geographical approaches to the study of social reproduction and global
economies; gender, race and racism, and feminist pedagogy. She sits on the editorial board
of Atlantis: Critical Studies in Gender, Culture & Social Justice/Études critiques sur le genre,
la culture, et la justice. Her current research explores how gender and race are socially
­constructed through the spatialization of work, and in particular, the nuclear family home.
Susanne Luhmann is Associate Professor in the Department of Women’s and Gender
Studies at the University of Alberta. Her teaching/research interests and published work
concern feminist and queer pedagogies, sexuality studies, the formation of Women’s and
Gender Studies, and German cultural memory. She is currently finishing a book manuscript tentatively entitled “Domesticating the Nazi Past: Familial Legacies of Nazi Perpetration in Contemporary German Memory,” which examines representations that restage,
recover, and narrate legacies of perpetration from within the space of private and family
life in Germany.
Nancy Mandell is a Professor in the Department of Sociology, York University. She is
a faculty associate at the Centre for Feminist Research (CFR) and the Centre for Excellence for Research on Immigration and Settlement (CERIS). Her research and teaching
interests include gender, aging, qualitative methods, schooling, and family. Recently she
has published on life course analysis of midlife Canadian women, senior immigrants, and
transnational family patterns, gendered and racialized forms of carework, and academic-community research partnerships. She is completing a SSHRC grant entitled “Worked
to Death,” which examines pa…
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