Grossmont-Cuyamaca Community College District What’s Really Real? I will provide you with the template to complete. It has 4 different parts and for the la

Grossmont-Cuyamaca Community College District What’s Really Real? I will provide you with the template to complete. It has 4 different parts and for the last part I will give you the text to use for the precis Phil 110
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What is Really Real?
Chapter 8 / 9 Homework
(This is chapter 8 in the 6 th edition, but it is chapter 9 in the 7 th
edition.)
Instructions
There are four parts to this assignment. Each part requires you to type in information.
1. Definitions
2. What each philosopher thinks is really real
3. Compare each philosopher
4. Précis
Part One / Definitions
In your own words define/explain the following Concepts:
Appearance –
Reality –
Ontology –
Materialism –
Idealism –
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Monism –
Dualism –
Pluralism –
Process Ontology –
Substance Ontology –
The Dao –
Yin/Yang –
Being(Eastern) –
Becoming/Nonbeing(Eastern) –
Forms/Eidos/Ideas –
Being(Western) –
Becoming(Western) –
Atman –
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Brahman –
Samsara –
Karma –
Naive Realism –
Subjective Idealism –
Esse es percippi –
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Part Two / What each philosopher thinks is really real
Do the following:
1. Fill in the blanks for each philosopher.
2. Make sure explain what each philosopher believes and why he believes
that.
Lao Tsu
What does Lao Tsu think is really real? _______________
Lao Tsu is a (process ontologist or a substance ontologist) ___________________regarding
what is really real because _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Lao Tsu is a (monist, dualist, or a pluralist) _________________regarding what is really
real because_____________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Lao Tsu is a(materialist, or an idealist) _________________ regarding what is really real
because_________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________
Plato
What does Plato think is really real? _________________
Plato is a (process ontologist or a substance ontologist) ___________________regarding
what is really real because _________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Plato is a (monist, dualist, or a pluralist) _________________regarding what is really real
because_________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Plato is a (materialist, or an idealist) _________________ regarding what is really real because
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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Shankara
What does Shankara think is really real? _________________
Shankara is a (process ontologist or a substance ontologist) ___________________ regarding
what is
really real because _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Shankara is a (monist, dualist, or a pluralist) _________________regarding what is really
real because______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Shankara is a (materialist, or an idealist) _________________ regarding what is really
real because___________________________________________________________
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_____________________________________________________________________
Berkeley
What does Berkeley think is really real? _________________
Berkeley is a (process ontologist or a substance ontologist) __________________
regarding what is really real because __________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Berkeley is a (monist, dualist, or a pluralist) _________________regarding what is really
real because ___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Berkeley is a (materialist, or an idealist) _________________ regarding what is really
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real because______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
Part Three / Compare and Contrast
Do the following
1. Below is a list of each philosopher paired with every other philosopher.
2. Write what each believes is really real, along with a list of the appropriate
concepts.
3. Then use the concepts to compare what each philosopher believes in a
paragraph. I have done an example for you below.
List of Philosophers
1. Lao Tsu
and
Plato
2. Lao Tsu
and
Shankara
3. Lao Tsu
and
Berkeley
4. Plato
and
Shankara
5. Plato
and
Berkeley
6. Berkeley
and
Shankara
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Example
Lao Tsu
and
Plato
The Dao
The Forms
Idealist
Idealist
Monist
Dualist
Process Ontologist
Substance Ontologist
Comparison
Plato believes that the forms are real, while Lao Tsu believes that Tao is real. Plato’s belief in
the forms causes him to be an idealist. Lao Tsu also believes that the Dao is a non-physical
substance which also makes him an idealist.
Plato thinks that there are two parts to reality, the realm of being, also called the realm of the
forms, and the realm of becoming which is also called the realm of appearances. This makes
him a dualist. Lao Tsu thinks that while it is possible to divide the Tao into two things, reality is
ultimately composed of one thing, thereby making him a monist.
Plato believes that the ultimate stuff called the forms is unchanging, which makes him a
substance ontologist. Lao Tsu thinks that the Tao is ever changing and it causes all the change
in the world. He is, therefore, a process ontologist.
Comments
Please notice that in the example above I wrote what each philosopher thinks is really real and
then compared them explaining why each philosopher believes what he believes.
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Part 4 / Precise
The topic for this précis is one of the readings for the ‘What is really real? chapter.’ The options
are: Lao Tsu, Plato, Shankara, Berkeley, or Jorge Valdez (Pre-Colombian Cosmologies).
Instructions
1. Read one of the readings from the book.
2. Fill out the précis form below or write it out in a paragraph
Sentence 1 (Who/What?)
__________________in the ______________, _______________________________
(Author’s Full Name)
(A-noun)
(Title of text)
_________________, _______________, that ___________________________
(B-verb)
(Point of Article/Book etc…)
_________________________________________________________________
Sentence 2 (How?)
_______________ supports his/her ____________ by ______________________
(Author’s Last Name)
(B-noun)
(C–verb / used as gerund)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Sentence 3 (Why?)
The author’s purpose is to _____________________________________________
(D-verb / used as infinitive)
__________________________ in order to/so that ________________________
_________________________________________________________________
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Sentence 4 (To Whom?)
The author writes in a _____________ style for___________________________
(E–adjective)
_________________________________________________________________
(his/her audience, the readers of)
and others interested in the topic of ___________________________________ .
(The point of the essay etc…)
Word Bank
These are merely suggestions. Feel free to use other words.
Section A
(news/magazine/
journal) article
book review, editorial,
first-hand report,
personal or
biographical essay,
biography,
research report
Section B
analyzes/analysis
argues/argument,
asserts/assertion,
discusses/discussion,
focuses on/focus
explains/explanation
Section C
comparing / contrasting
retelling, explaining,
illustrating, defending,
demonstrating,
defining, describing,
listing, arguing, showing,
justifying, relating,
Phil 110
reporting, noting,
emphasizing, pointing
out, highlighting the fact
Section D
argue,
call attention to,
deny,
show,
point out,
prove
suggest,
inform,
persuade,
disclose,
report,
convince
Section E
(register/language)
formal, impersonal
casual, informal
(tone)
humorous,
emotional,
friendly,
reasoned,
logical,
exaggerated,
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Real?
ed, Sharpen
know this
bliss.
I Am B7
of himself.
be no self-
Brahman
without a
me
Brahman.
from any
since it is
other than
one without a second, and who is the absolute
Realize Brahman, and there will be no more
returning to this world—the home of all sorrows.
You must realize absolutely that the Atman is
Then you will win Brahman for ever. He is the
truth. He is existence and knowledge. He is ab-
solute. He is pure and self-existent. He is eternal,
unending joy. He is none other than the Atman.
The Atman is one with Brahman: this is the
none but He. When He is known as the s
highest truth. Brahman alone is real. There is
reality there is no other existence but Brahman.
physical contact with them.”
neither be
He is joy
He tra
fold, crea
yond rea
ing
learly man-
dreaming
crienced as
usness that
hat experi-
with their
ed within
The Universe
and bliss
shrine of
supreme
the secret of all truths, says in the Gita: “Although
Sri Krishna, the Incarnate Lord, who knows
I am not within any creature, all creatures exist
within me. I do not mean that they exist within
birth, but has no
physically. That is my divine mystery. My
Being sustains all creatures and brings them to
If this universe were real, we should continue
to perceive it in deep sleep. But we perceive noth-
then. Therefore it is unreal, like our dreams.
The universe does not exist apart from the
Atman. Our perception of it as having an inde-
blueness in the sky. How can a superimposed at-
pendent existence is false, like our perception of
tribute have any existence, apart from its sub-
stratum? It is only our delusion which causes this
misconception of the underlying reality.
No matter what a deluded man may think he is
perceiving, he is really seeing Brahman and noth-
ing else but Brahman. He sees mother-of-pearl
and imagines that it is silver. He sees Brahman
and imagines that it is the universe. But this uni-
verse, which is superimposed upon Brahman, is immea
measured
ferentiat
light. H
this uniy
The
most re
the pur
un in the
an in the
ection of
knower
The
ther be
the hu
forms. It is Brahman alone.
the po
and mis-
Brahman is the reality—the one existence, ab.
Because of the ignorance of our human minds,
solutely independent of human thought or idea.
the universe seems to be composed of diverse
A jar made of clay is not other than clay. It is
clay essentially. The form of the jar has no inde-
pendent existence. What, then, is the jar? Merely
The form of the jar can never be perceived
apart from the clay. What, then, is the jar? An a
pearance! The reality is the clay itself.
nothing but a name.
glory.
an invented name!
ust turn
‘s reflec-
se three
he self-
8.5 Subjective Idealism
OSS Or
it, all-
It has
reflec-
This universe is an effect of Brahman. It can
these is
never be anything else but Brahman. Apart from
nfinite Brahman, it does not exist. There is nothing
istinct
beside Him. He who says that this universe
has an independent existence is still suffering
from delusion. He is like a man talking in his
sleep.
dden “The universe is Brahman”—so says the great
truth seer of the Atharva Veda. The universe, therefore,
rity, is nothing but Brahman. It is superimposed upon
Him. It has no separate existence, apart from its
and ground.
this If the universe, as we perceive it, were real,
you knowledge of the Atman would not put an end
George Berkeley was born in 1685 in Ki
Trinity College, Dublin, where he studie
and controversial physics of Newton. In
of his college and was ordained to the
worked out the basic ideas of his philos
Locke (1632-1704). He saw himself as
age and a defender of religion against a
machine operating according to blind r
colonies for a while, married in 1728, a
Ireland in 1734 after his attempt to four
Native Americans, and Africans failed
in 1753.
Berkeley’s metaphysics is called s
riety of idealism because he argued tha
infinite mind (God), and the ideas (the
have. All of these things are immateri
physical objects do not exist apart fro
This kind of idealism stands in contra
y of
to our delusion. The scriptures would be untrue.
The revelations of the Divine Incarnations would
make no sense. These alternatives cannot be
considered either desirable or beneficial by any
of
1 IS
though reality is mental, it does exist
1S
thinking person.

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