BIO100 Boston College CH4 The Skeletal System Medical Terminology Essay Medical Terminology class: Chose a disease or injury that is covered in this chapt
BIO100 Boston College CH4 The Skeletal System Medical Terminology Essay Medical Terminology class:
Chose a disease or injury that is covered in this chapter. Consider how this condition affects the body. What challenges might face an individual who is living with this diagnosis? Imagine yourself in your future career as a sonographer and this individual is your patient. What special considerations might you take when interacting with them? See ppt attached. Power point chapter 4.
Math class:
hMathematics is all about relations and observations. It truly depends on your perspective. The difference could be small or it can be a GOOGOL (if you don’t know research it), even infinite. Will we be considering ratios and proportions in this discussion focusing more on Ratios. Ratios are a form rate comparison, detailing the frequency of 2 or more quantities. Using your phone(Computer or TV). Depict the ratios that you use the apps on your phone and analyze how they help you succeed and which ones you could limit yourself on. You must have 3 ratios for credit, for example:
Email : Instagram 1: 5
Youtube : FB 8:1
Bible App : Robinhood 1:1
Then in 1 paragraph detail why this helps you succeed or what you need to change .
Just answer question 1, and 2. Short answer, no work cited. Each answer half page. Total one page, this is weekly discussion post answer.
BIO 100 question, just one page. Answer 1,2,3, and replay one student see word doc.
Top of Form
Bottom of Form
1. Have you ever broken a bone? Which bone was it? What type of fracture was it?
2. If you haven’t broken a bone, what are some ways we can strengthen bones?
3. Bones are constantly remodeled as we age. What happens to bones during the aging process? How can we best prevent this?
You are also reply to posts made by your classmates:
1. Do you agree/ disagree with what they said? Why?
2. Can you contribute more information to their initial post? 1. Medical Terminology class:
Chose a disease or injury that is covered in this chapter. Consider how this condition affects
the body. What challenges might face an individual who is living with this
diagnosis? Imagine yourself in your future career as a sonographer and this individual is
your patient. What special considerations might you take when interacting with them? See
ppt attached. Power point chapter 4.
2. math class:
Mathematics is all about relations and observations. It truly depends on your perspective. The
difference could be small or it can be a GOOGOL (if you don’t know research it), even
infinite. Will we be considering ratios and proportions in this discussion focusing more on
Ratios. Ratios are a form rate comparison, detailing the frequency of 2 or more quantities.
Using your phone(Computer or TV). Depict the ratios that you use the apps on your phone
and analyze how they help you succeed and which ones you could limit yourself on. You
must have 3 ratios for credit, for example:
Email : Instagram
Youtube : FB
1: 5
8:1
Bible App : Robinhood 1:1
Then in 1 paragraph detail why this helps you succeed or what you need to change .
Just answer question 1, and 2. Short answer, no work cited. Each answer half page. Total one
page, this is weekly discussion post answer.
BIO 100 question, just one page. Answer 1,2,3,4
1. Have you ever broken a bone? Which bone was it? What type of fracture was it?
2. If you haven’t broken a bone, what are some ways we can strengthen bones?
3. Bones are constantly remodeled as we age. What happens to bones during the
aging process? How can we best prevent this?
You are also reply to posts made by your classmates:
1. Do you agree/ disagree with what they said? Why?
2. Can you contribute more information to their initial post?
This is one student replay.
CHAPTER
4
The Skeletal System
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-2
Learning Outcomes
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
LO 4.1 Use roots, combining forms, suffixes, and
prefixes to construct and analyze (deconstruct)
medical terms related to the skeletal system.
LO 4.2 Spell and pronounce correctly medical
terms related to the skeletal system to
communicate them with accuracy and precision in
any health care setting.
LO 4.3 Define accepted abbreviations related to
the skeletal system.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-3
Learning Outcomes
LO 4.4 Relate the different types of bones and
their structure to their functions.
LO 4.5 Describe the causes, appearances,
methods of diagnosis, and treatment of bone and
joint disorders and bone fractures, and their
methods of healing.
LO 4.6 Identify the structures of the axial skeleton
and their disorders and treatments.
LO 4.7 Describe the bones and joints of the
shoulder girdle and upper limb and their disorders
and treatments.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-4
Learning Outcomes
LO 4.8 Relate the structure of the pelvic girdle, hip
joint, and thigh bone to their functions and
disorders and treatments.
LO 4.9 Relate the structures of the knee joint,
ankle, and foot to their functions and disorders and
treatments.
LO 4.10 Apply your knowledge of the medical
terms of the skeletal system to documentation,
medical records, and medical reports.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-5
Learning Outcomes
LO 4.11 Translate the medical terms of the
skeletal system into everyday language in order to
communicate clearly with patients and their
families.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-6
The Skeletal System:
The Essentials of the Language of Orthopedics
Lesson 4.1: Bones of the Skeletal System
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-7
Skeletal System
Health professionals treating musculoskeletal
problems
orthopedic surgeons
osteopathic physicians
chiropractors
physical therapists and assistants
orthopedic technologists and technicians
podiatrists
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-8
Skeletal System
Components of the skeletal system
bones
cartilage
tendons
ligaments
Functions
support
storage
protection
blood formation
mineral
detoxification
endocrine
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-9
Word Analysis and Definition
Identify and define the suffixes of the following
terms:
chiropractic
chiropractor
detoxification
musculoskeletal
orthopedist
osteopathy
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-10
Word Analysis and Definition
Define the following words from Latin:
cartilage
ligament
muscle
tendon
Define these abbreviations:
MD
DC
DO
PT
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-11
Skeletal System
Structure of bones
Classification of bones
long
short
flat
irregular
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-12
Word Analysis and Definition
Give adjective forms of the following terms:
cortex
cortical
medulla
medullary
periosteum
periosteal
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-13
Word Analysis and Definition
What is the difference in the following terms?
diaphysis
Greek = growing between
epiphysis
epi- = upon
-physis = growth
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-14
Skeletal System
Diseases of the bone
© Dr. Michael Klein/Peter Arnold, Inc.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-15
Word Analysis and Definition
Define these terms having a common root:
osteogenesis
osteomalacia
osteomyelitis
osteopenia
osteoporosis
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-16
Word Analysis and Definition
Identify and define the suffixes from the following
terms:
achondroplasia
sarcoma
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-17
Word Analysis and Definition
Define the following abbreviations:
BMD
DEXA
FDA
IU
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-18
Skeletal System
Bone fractures
Types of fractures
See Figure 4.6 and Table 4.1
Healing of fractures
See Figure 4.7
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-19
Word Analysis and Definition
Describe the differences in the following
fractures:
closed vs. open fracture
complete vs. incomplete
pathologic vs. compression
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-20
Word Analysis and Definition
Describe the similarities and differences in the
following terms:
osteocyte
osteoblast
osteoclast
osteogenesis
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-21
The Skeletal System:
The Essentials of the Language of Orthopedics
Lesson 4.2: Axial Skeleton
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-22
Axial Skeleton
Structure of axial skeleton
vertebral column
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-23
Axial Skeleton
Structure of axial skeleton
vertebral column
1. vertebrae
2. intervertebral discs
3. spinal cord
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-24
Word Analysis and Definition
Define the term and write the adjective form:
sacrum
sacral
spine
spinal
vertebrae
vertebral
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-25
Word Analysis and Definition
How are the following terms related?
kyphosis
lordosis
scoliosis
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-26
Axial Skeleton
The skull and face
cranial
cavity
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-27
Word Analysis and Definition
Define the following words from Latin, Greek, or
French origin:
cranium
mandible
maxilla
zygoma
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-28
Word Analysis and Definition
Identify and define the root in the following
terms:
palatine
parietal
sphenoid
temporal
ethmoid
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-29
Word Analysis and Definition
Define the following abbreviations:
C5
C5-C6
T12
MRI
TMJ
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-30
The Skeletal System:
The Essentials of the Language of Orthopedics
Lesson 4.3: Bones and Joints of the Shoulder
Girdle and Upper Limb
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-31
Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle
and Upper Limb
Shoulder girdle and upper arm
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-32
Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle
and Upper Limb
Shoulder girdle
Common disorders of the shoulder
1. shoulder separation
2. shoulder dislocation
3. shoulder subluxation
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-33
Word Analysis and Definition
Identify and define the root in the following
terms:
articulate
dislocation
pectoral
subluxation
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-34
Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle
and Upper Limb
Upper arm and elbow joint
Common disorders of the elbow
1. tennis elbow
2. bursitis
3. bone fractures
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-35
Word Analysis and Definition
Deconstruct the following terms into their
elements:
pronation
supination
capitulum
aspiration
trochlear
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-36
Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle
and Upper Limb
Forearm, wrist, and hand
bones
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-37
Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle
and Upper Limb
Forearm, wrist, and hand
Common disorders of the wrist
1. ganglion cyst
2. stenosing tenosynovitis
3. carpal tunnel syndrome
4. Colles fracture
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-38
Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle
and Upper Limb
Forearm, wrist, and hand
Common disorders of the wrist
1. carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
Common disorders of the hand
1. osteoarthritis (OA)
– Heberden nodes
2. rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-39
Word Analysis and Definition
Define the following root elements:
arthr
carp
oste/o
ten/o
phalang/e
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-40
Word Analysis and Definition
Define the following abbreviations:
CTS
OA
RA
po
prn
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-41
The Skeletal System:
The Essentials of the Language of Orthopedics
Lesson 4.4: Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-42
Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
Pelvic girdle
Structure (see Figure 4.17)
Functions
1. Supports the axial skeleton
2. Transmits the upper bodys weight to the
lower limbs
3. Provides attachments for the lower limbs
4. Protects internal reproductive organs, urinary
bladder, and distal segment of the large
intestine
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-43
Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
Pelvic girdle
Disorders of the pelvic girdle
1. sacroiliac joint strain
2. diastasis symphysis pubis
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-44
Word Analysis and Definition
Define each term and write it in the adjective
form:
femur
femoral
pelvis
pelvic
pubis
pubic
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-45
Word Analysis and Definition
Define each term and write it in the adjective
form:
ischium
ischial
sacrum
sacral
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-46
Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
Bones and joints of the hip and thigh
Disorders and injuries of the hip joint
1. hip pointer
2. osteoarthritis
3. rheumatoid arthritis
4. avascular necrosis
5. fractures
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-47
Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
The knee joint
Bones
1. femur
2. tibia
3. patella
4. fibula
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-48
Word Analysis and Definition
Put the terms in correct anatomical order from
head to toe:
tibia
femur
pubis
fibula
patella
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-49
Word Analysis and Definition
Define each term and write it in the plural form:
meniscus
menisci
patella
patellae
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-50
Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
The knee joint
Surgical procedures of the knee
arthrocentesis
arthroscopy
total knee replacement
© Charles McRae, M.D./Visuals Unlimited
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-51
Word Analysis and Definition
Identify and define the root and suffix of the
following terms:
arthrocentesis
arthrodesis
arthrography
arthroplasty
arthroscopy
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-52
Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
Bones and joints of the lower leg, ankle, and foot
Disorders of the ankle and foot
1. bunions
2. strains and sprains
3. Pott fracture
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-53
Word Analysis and Definition
Give the common name of the following medical
terms:
calcaneus
talus
tarsus
metatarsus
phalanges
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-54
The Skeletal System:
The Essentials of the Language of Orthopedics
Lesson 4.5: Diagnostic and Therapeutic
Procedures for Bone Disorders
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-55
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures for
Bone Disorders
Diagnostic procedures for metabolic bone
disorders
bone mineral density (BMD)
nuclear bone scan
blood tests
bone biopsy
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-56
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures for
Bone Disorders
Diagnostic procedures for bone cancer
X-ray
CT scan
MRI
PET
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-57
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures for
Bone Disor…
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