Which of the following substances is most likely to be reabsorbed in the tubular segments of the nephron using passive transport mechanisms?Water Sodium Phosphate Calcium | Quick Homework Help

1. A 25-year-old Asian American man arrives at the emergency department in a panic. Except for a bout with bronchitis a week earlier, he has been healthy his entire life; today he has blood in his urine. What is the most likely cause of his hematuria and how should it be treated? (Points : 0.4) His Goodpasture syndrome should be treated with plasmapheresis and immunosuppressive therapy.

His membranous glomerulonephritis should be treated with corticosteroids.

Don't use plagiarized sources. Get Your Custom Essay on

Get an essay WRITTEN FOR YOU, Plagiarism free, and by an EXPERT!

Order Essay

His immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy has no known effective treatments.

His Kimmelstiel-Wilson syndrome should be treated with control of high blood pressure and smoking cessation.

Question 2. 2. Which of the following patients would be considered to have a significant risk of developing the prerenal form of acute renal failure?

(Points : 0.4)

A 22-year-old male who has lost a large amount of blood following a workplace injury

A 41-year-old female who is admitted for intravenous antibiotic treatment of pyelonephritis

A 79-year-old male with diagnoses of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and congestive heart failure

A 20-year-old male who is admitted for treatment of an overdose of a nephrotoxic drug

A 68-year-old male with a diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

An 80-year-old female who has been admitted for treatment of dehydration, hyponatremia, and malnutrition

Question 3. 3. An 81-year-old female has long-standing hypocalcemia secondary to kidney disease and will shortly be moving into an assisted living facility from her own apartment. Which of the following findings should staff at the facility be instructed to observe for? (Points : 0.4)

Loss of appetite and complaints of nausea

Muscular spasms and complaints of cramps

High fluid intake and urine output

Lethargy and stupor

Question 4. 4. A 77-year-old female hospital patient has contracted Clostridium difficile during her stay and is experiencing severe diarrhea. Which of the following statements best conveys a risk that this woman faces? (Points : 0.4)

She is susceptible to isotonic fluid volume deficit and hypernatremia as a result of water losses.

She is prone to isotonic fluid volume excess due to impaired osmolality from sodium losses.

She could develop third-spacing edema as a result of plasma protein losses.

She is at risk of compensatory fluid volume overload secondary to gastrointestinal water and electrolyte losses.

Question 5. 5. At which of the following locations in the nephron would a nurse practitioner first expect blood to be largely free of plasma proteins? (Points : 0.4)

Proximal convoluted tubule

Bowman space

Loop of Henle

Afferent arteriole

Question 6. 6. A nurse educator is orientating new nurses to a renal unit of a hospital. Which of the following teaching points should the nurse include as part of a review of normal glomerular function? (Points : 0.4)

Nephrons are delicate structures that cannot endure the high pressure that exists in capillary beds elsewhere in the body.

Glomerular filtrate is very similar in composition to blood plasma found elsewhere in circulation.

Dilation of the afferent arteriole allows more blood into the nephron and increases the glomerular filtration rate.

The glomerulus is located between an arteriole and a venule that work together to regulate blood flow.

Question 7. 7. A 77-year-old female with a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is experiencing impaired gas exchange and CO2 retention, despite a rapid respiratory rate. Which of the following phenomena would her care team most realistically anticipate? (Points : 0.4)

Arterial blood gas sampling is likely to indicate a pH in the range of 7.45 to 7.55.

Her kidneys are likely to reabsorb H+ and secrete HCO3.

Her body may be producing excess metabolic CO2.

Her kidneys will adapt with an increase in plasma HCO3 and her pH will decrease.

Question 8. 8. Which of the following individuals is at the highest risk for developing a urinary tract infection (UTI)? (Points : 0.4)

A 60-year-old man with a history of cardiovascular disease who is recovering in the hospital from a coronary artery bypass graft

A 66-year-old man undergoing dialysis for the treatment of chronic renal failure secondary to hypertension

A 38-year-old man with high urine output due to antidiuretic hormone insufficiency

A 30-year-old obese woman with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus

Question 9. 9. A 34-year-old male patient has diagnoses of liver failure, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy secondary to alcohol abuse. The patients family is questioning the care team about why his abdomen is so large even though he is undernourished and emaciated. Which of the following statements most accurately underlies the explanation that a member of the care team would provide to the family? (Points : 0.4)

An inordinate amount of interstitial fluid is accumulating in the patients abdomen.

The transcellular component of the intracellular fluid compartment contains far more fluid than normal.

The normally small transcellular fluid compartment, or third space, is becoming enlarged.

Gravity-dependent plasma is accumulating in the patients peritoneal cavity.

Question 10. 10. Which of the following substances is most likely to be reabsorbed in the tubular segments of the nephron using passive transport mechanisms?

(Points : 0.4)

Water

Sodium

Phosphate

Calcium

Question 11. 11. A 51-year-old woman diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) five months prior is distressed that she has had several recent episodes of urinary incontinence. She has asked her nurse practitioner why this is the case. Which of the following statements best captures the facts that would underlie the nurses response to the patient? (Points : 0.4)

Neurologic diseases like MS often result in flaccid blaIDer dysfunction.

She may be unable to sense her blaIDer filling as a result of her MS.

Lesions of the basal ganglia or extrapyramidal tract associated with MS inhibit detrusor contraction.

Pathologic reductions in blaIDer volume brought on by MS necessitate frequent micturition.

Question 12. 12. A 60-year-old man has been diagnosed with renal calculi after repeated episodes of excruciating flank pain in recent weeks. The man states, I dont know how this could happen to me, since Im so careful about eating a healthy diet. What is the most appropriate response to the mans statement? (Points : 0.4)

Your diet may have played a part in this, but in fact genetics is likely primarily to blame.

What you eat can influence your risk of stone formation, but many other factors like hormones and your metabolism are involved.

You likely dont need to change your diet, but now that you have stones in one kidney, youre at very high risk of growing them in the other kidney.

Your diet might be normally healthy, but high intake of normally beneficial minerals like calcium and magnesium can lead to stones.

Question 13. 13. Following several days in an acidotic state, a hospital patient has returned to the desired pH. Which of the following processes could have contributed to the resolution of the patients health problem? (Points : 0.4)

Exchange of Na+ and H+ ions

Selective renal secretion and reabsorption of CO2

Phosphate and ammonia buffer systems in the renal tubules

Excretion of HCO3 by the kidneys

Question 14. 14. Which of the following individuals would be considered to be at risk for the development of edema?

(Points : 0.4)

An 81-year-old man with right-sided heart failure and hypothyroidism

A 60-year-old obese female with a diagnosis of poorly controlled diabetes mellitus

A 34-year-old industrial worker who has suffered extensive burns in a job-related accident

A 77-year-old woman who has an active gastrointestinal bleed and consequent anemia

A 22-year-old female with hypoalbuminemia secondary to malnutrition and anorexia nervosa

Question 15. 15. Which of the following patients on a medical unit of a hospital is most likely to be experiencing health problems that may be attributable to kidney disease? (Points : 0.4)

An 81-year-old female patient with osteoporosis and anemia

A 77-year-old patient with urinary retention due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A 55-year-old woman with a recent stroke secondary to long-standing hypertension

A 60-year-old man with a systemic fungal infection requiring intravenous antibiotics

Question 16. 16. An 82-year-old resident of a long-term care facility with a recent history of repeated urinary tract infections and restlessness is suspected of having urinary retention. Which of the following actions by the care team is most appropriate? (Points : 0.4)

Uroflowmetry to determine to rate of the patients urine flow

Ultrasound blaIDer scanning to determine the residual volume of urine after voiding

Renal ultrasound aimed at identifying acute or chronic kidney disease

Urinalysis focusing on the presence or absence of microorganisms, blood, or white cells in the mans urine

Question 17. 17. A 31-year-old patient with a diagnosis of end-stage liver failure has been admitted to the intensive care unit of a hospital. Arterial blood gas sampling indicates that the man has an acid-base imbalance. Which of the following situations is most likely to result in an inappropriate pH? (Points : 0.4)

Conservation or formation of new HCO3 by the kidneys

Low albumin and plasma globulin levels

Transcompartmental exchange of H+ and potassium ions

Renal excretion of HCO3 in the presence of excess base

Question 18. 18. A 61-year-old woman who has had an upper respiratory infection for several weeks has presented to her nurse practitioner with complaints of a recent onset of urinary retention. She reveals to her nurse practitioner that she has been taking over-the-counter cold medications at higher than the suggested dose for the past two weeks. Which of the following phenomena will her nurse practitioner most likely suspect is contributing to her urinary retention? (Points : 0.4)

Cholinergic actions of the cold medicine are triggering internal and external sphincter contraction.

Antihistamine effects inhibit communication between the pons and the thoracolumbar cord.

The anticholinergic effects of the medication are impairing normal blaIDer function.

Over-the-counter medications such as cold medicine stimulate the parasympathetic nervous system and inhibit blaIDer emptying.

Question 19. 19. A 14-year-old boy who appears to be intoxicated is brought to the emergency department by ambulance. The EMTs report that the boy has denied consuming anything out of the ordinary, but an open antifreeze container was found in the boys room. Which of the following is likely to be used to treat the patients symptoms? (Points : 0.4)

Gastric lavage

Syrup of ipecac

Fomepizole

Sodium bicarbonate

Question 20. 20. A 55-year-old man has made an appointment to see his nurse practitioner because he has been awakening three to four times nightly to void and often has a suIDen need to void with little warning during the day. What is the mans most likely diagnosis and possible underlying pathophysiologic problem? (Points : 0.4)

Stress incontinence due to damage to CNS inhibitory pathways

Overactive blaIDer that may result from both neurogenic and myogenic sources

Overactive blaIDer due to intravesical pressure exceeding urethral pressure

Overflow incontinence that can result from displacement of the angle between the blaIDer and the posterior proximal urethra

Question 21. 21. Which of the following data would a clinician consider to be most indicative of acute renal failure? (Points : 0.4)

Alterations in blood pH, peripheral edema

Increased nitrogenous waste levels, decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

Decreased serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), decreased potassium and calcium levels

Decreased urine output, hematuria, increased GFR

Question 22. 22. A 68-year-old woman with a new onset of vascular dementia has recently begun retaining urine. Which of the following physiological phenomena would her care providers most realistically expect to be currently occurring as a result of her urinary retention? (Points : 0.4)

Hypertrophy of the blaIDer muscle and increased blaIDer wall thickness

Decreased urine production and nitrogenous wasted excretion by the kidneys

Decompensation, blaIDer stretching, and high residual urine volume

Overflow incontinence and loss of contraction power

Question 23. 23. Which of the following individuals are displaying identified risk factors for the development of lower urinary tract obstruction? (Points : 0.4)

A 32-year-old woman who had a healthy delivery of her third child 4 months ago

A 68-year-old man who has been diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)

A 55-year-old man with diabetes who is receiving diuretic medications for the treatment of hypertension

A 30-year-old woman who has been diagnosed with gonorrhea

A 74-year-old woman who has developed a lower bowel obstruction following several weeks of chronic constipation

A 20-year-old man who has spina bifida and consequent impaired mobility

Question 24. 24. A 22-year-old female with a history of intermittent flank pain, repeated UTIs, and hematuria has been diagnosed with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Which of the following phenomena has most likely contributed to the development of her health problem? (Points : 0.4)

UTIs coupled with an impaired immune response have caused her ADPKD.

She has inherited a tendency for epithelial cell in her tubules to proliferate inappropriately.

Severe hypertension and portal hypertension are likely precursors.

She has inherited undersized kidneys that are prone to calculi formation.

Question 25. 25. A patient with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus presents to the emergency department with suspected ketoacidosis. Which of the following diagnostic results would be most likely to confirm this diagnosis? (Points : 0.4)

Low O2 levels, increased anion gap, base excess

High ammonia levels, decreased anion gap, high potassium

Increased CO2, increased anion gap, base deficit

Decreased CO2, decreased anion gap

Which of the following substances is most likely to be reabsorbed in the tubular segments of the nephron using passive transport mechanisms?Water Sodium Phosphate Calcium | Quick Homework Help

Calculate the price of your order

Essay Writing Service