Geological Atlas of Africa Essay all the information that you need for doing this exercise you wil find it in the files i chooseed 2 maps from the book and

Geological Atlas of Africa Essay all the information that you need for doing this exercise you wil find it in the files i chooseed 2 maps from the book and you have to summaries itthe name of the book is Geological atlas of Africa the first map in page 163 the second map in page 89you will find al the information in the files for the 2 maps Geog. 100 – 01, 04 and 40
Out-of-Class Exercise
Due:______________
Elements of Geography
MSU-Mankato
Spring 2019
Atlas Exercise #2
This exercise is designed to introduce you to the resources available through the Dr. Mary T.
Dooley Map Collections section of the MSU Memorial Library. The map collection is located on the first
floor of the library. Specifically, this exercise will give you a look at the types of atlases available for your
use at the library.
Note: Most of the atlases in the MSU library are for in-library use only and cannot be checked out,
so be prepared to schedule the time needed to complete this exercise in the library.
Find any atlas that is of interest to you (there are a variety of ways to locate an atlas):
? You can look through the shelves and pick an atlas from the 1st floor map section.
? You can use the library web page to search under Books (select the Books tab) using keywords
? You can use the library web page to do an advanced search under Books
o Select the Books tab, and then select the ADVANCED New Catalog Search
o This ADVANCED search will allow you to limit your search by Collection:
? Map Area-Atlas and Book Collection-1st Floor
? ERC Juvenile Collection-Lower Level (Good for K-12 Education Majors)
This exercise must be completed using materials available through the MSU Memorial Library. It cannot
be completed using on-line materials.
Your summary of the atlas you have chosen should include the following:
1. The TITLE of the atlas.
2. The CALL NUMBER assigned to the atlas (This is how you locate items in the library.)
• Check the spine of the book or inside front cover
• The Call # should start with a letter and look similar to: G1201.S1 H4 2007
3. The YEAR the atlas was published.
4. Look through the atlas and pick TWO different maps to summarize:
For EACH of the two maps you select include the following information:
a. PAGE NUMBER and TITLE of the map
b. The map SCALE used to show distance (graphic, verbal, or representative fraction)
c. The map PROJECTION used to make the map (if no information is given, note there is none).
5. Describe and summarize EACH of the TWO maps:
• What information is represented on each map (what is your interpretation of the data
presented); what did you learn; do you have any questions specific to the map?
How the map is designed is not as important as what you learned. I should be able to tell
from your summary the exact map you are summarizing.
6. Comment on your impression of the ATLAS as a whole. Was it a unique topic for an atlas? What
did you find informative and useful?
Your summary of the two maps and the atlas itself should be at least two typewritten pages (12 point font,
double-spaced and stapled or printed double sided).
Grading Criteria (25 pts):
Appropriate format and content (plus stapled or double sided)
Complete atlas and map information
(#’s 1.-4.)
Complete map summaries
(#5. 2 x 5 pts each)
Atlas comments
(#6.)
5 pts
5 pts
10 pts
5 pts
25 pts
Remember that this is due at the beginning of class, and be sure to put your name, Geog100-(your section
number) , and your Tech ID clearly, in one line at the top of your exercise. (This is part of the format)
89
25°E
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
30°E
Alexandria
Portsaid
Egypt
S
bar
N
+30°N
Cairo
W
30°N –
SOOD
E
hidma
Sidebar
o
000
VOD
Luxus
1000
po
go
OD
dol
25°N
On
25°N –
Aswan
100
0
108
100
?
200 km
25°E
30°E
35°E
CENOZOIC
blistamolo
(novel nisiniz) PRECAMBRIAN
Sand dunes, sabkhas, Nile deposits
Granitoids (syn- to posttectonic); slightly metamorphosed
cultivated, Wadi and playa deposits, Quarternary
clastics of the Hammat Group; slightly metamorphosed
beach and corals, calcarenite bars
volcanics of the Dokhan Group; locally gabbros and
Post-Hammat Group (felsites, porphyries)
Marine and nonmarine deposits:
clastics, carbonates, gypsum; locally Tertiary
Metagabbro-Diorite-Complex (tectonised, uralitised);
Geosynclinal Metavolcanics (regionally metamorphosed
felsic to basaltic effusives and pyroclastic rocks)
basalt-dolerite dykes
MESOZOIC
syenites)
Ring complexes (mostly alkaline
ITIT
Serpentinite (sepentinites, talc carbonates and related
rocks)
Geosynclinal Metasediments (including hornblende-biotite
and chlorite schists meta-greywacke, meta-mudstones,
phyllites, slates, conglomerates)
rocks
Clastics, phosphate and carbonate
Cretaceous
Mig’if-Hafafit Gneisses and Migmatites (psammitic
hornblende and biotite gneisses and migmatites)
Marine and fluviomarine beds, clasticsJurassic
PALEOZOIC
Mostly clastic
?
Source map not available
Paleozoic,
undifferentiated
STRUCTURES
Fault
Fig. 68 Geological overview of Egypt (modified after Anonymous, 1981) nov dolgi dio od bol
Morocco
non
1 General
Area: 458,730 km2
Population: 28,010,000 (2001 estimate)
2 Summary of Geology
Bou-Azzer inlier, the Quartzite Series is replaced
less concordant with the sedimentary bedding. In the
by an ophiolitic complex. Similar conditions occur
at Jbel Siroua, whereas at Jbel Saghro sandy-pelitic
terrigenous formations correspond to an environment
at the base of the continental margin with clastic
supply coming from the north. Ranging from late
Neoproterozoic to Infracambrian is the Ouarzazate
Series, which has been considered as molasse of the
Panafrican orogenesis. Above the Ouarzazate Series
Morocco’s geology has generally been subdivided
into four structural domains or provinces. These are
from south to north the Anti-Atlas Domain, the Meseta
Domain, the Atlas Belt Domain and the Rif Domain.
Whereas the Rif domain (or Mediterranean Morocco)
is part of the vast Alpine system of Europe and North
Africa, the other domains (or African Morocco) are
essentially of West African affinities. Apart from these
structural units, along the Atlantic coast basins filled
with mostly Mesozoic and Cenozoic tabular sediments
are recognizable.
follows the Adoudounian Series, which
the base of the Cambrian. It consists at the base
represents
of conglomerates, followed by carbonates, marls,
3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics
sandstones and finally again carbonates. For instance,
the Amouslek Formation with shales and limestones,
contains a rich fauna of trilobites and archaeocyathids
,
indicating a Lower Cambrian age of a shallow marine
environment. The Middle Cambrian is represented by
the Goulimine Quartzitic Series containing various
trilobites. The Upper Cambrian is often not exposed.
To the south the Cambrian is overlain by Ordovician
strata, which have a widespread outcrop and are
mostly made
up
of sandstones, micaceous clays and
occasionally limestones. Typical fossils are graptolites
and trilobites. The presence of a Saharan glaciation
during the Upper Ordovician is indicated by tillites
at Djebel Serraf. Silurian strata are recorded from the
Iriqui section in the central Anti-Atlas, represented
by platy sandstones, shales and dark mudstones,
The Anti-Atlas Domain is only very slightly
affected by Alpine movements and was formed
by wide-spanned up-doming of marginal parts of
the West African Craton. Precambrian rocks form
the core of major domes in the axial zone of the
range. Normally, this basement is covered by poorly
deformed sediments of Neoproterozoic to Lower
Paleozoic age. In the Tafilalt region in southeastern
Morocco the Anti-Atlas Domain dips to the E beneath
undeformed Cretaceous sediments of the Sahara
platform. However, all the older assemblages of
Morocco only crop out within inliers mainly situated
in the Anti-Atlas Domain. The oldest rocks may be
the augen gneisses of Jbel Ouiharem and the gneisses
of Oued Assemlil. The Zenaga Series is a unit of
augen gneisses, metadolerites and metamorphic
rocks, which are highly affected by sub-horizontal
composite foliation. Their metamorphism is attributed
to an ancient orogeny, because anatectic granitoids
were apparently emplaced in Paleoproterozoic
times. Similar ages are also recorded from granites
at Azguemerzi and Tazenakht in the central Anti-
Atlas and farther west in the anticlinal inlier of the
Lower Draa. The Quartzite Series north of Kerdous
is a detrital unit with siltstones, pelitic sandstones,
conglomerates and especially thick quartzitic layers,
which yielded Neoproterozoic ages. Limestones,
often stromatolitic, are intercalated. Basic intrusions
of dolerites and tholeiitic gabbros were emplaced into
Fig. 142 Paleozoic succession near Erfoud in the
Tafilalt region (1755-17
163
10°W
8°W
Morocco
Tanger
MEDITERRANEAN SEA
N
34°N
W
E
Rabat
Casablanca
0
S
?
32°N
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
Marraketch
ods lo mismo
om bilan bo
ALGERIA
30°N
30°W
erdha
100
0
100
200 km
MAS
28°W
biny
One
WESTERN SAHARA
8°W
6°W
4°W
2°W
CENOZOIC
PALEOZOIC
Sabkhas, lake deposits, dunes
Recent –
Quarternary
Mostly marine sediments
| Carboniferous
1
Volcanics
Quarternary –
Cretaceous
Mostly marine sediments
Devonian
IL
he
ind
|
Mainly marine sediments
Neogene –
Paleogene
Silurian
Mostly marine sediments
OTO
Mostly marine sediments
Ordovician
MESOZOIC
Mostly marine sediments
Cretaceous
Mostly marine sediments
| Cambrian
Mostly marine sediments
| Jurassic
Mostly marine sediments
undifferentiated
Paleozoic,
undifferentiated
Dolerites and volcanics
Jurassic –
Permian
DES
Triassic and
Permo-Triassic
PROTEROZOIC
2 beda
volcanodentritics
Low-grade metamorphic rocks, basic | Neoproterozoic
Mostly marine sediments
|
Gneisses, marbles, quartzites,
amphibolites
Mesoproterozoic
STRUCTURES
Metamorphic rocks
su
Paleoproterozoic
Fault
Thrust fault
Granites, relics of various orogenies Undifferentiated
wir
bollsteninle ottocht
Fig. 143 Geological overview of Morocco (modified after Fabre et al, 1978)
Egypt
slickenside lineation. The core comprises granitic
gneisses conformably overlain by a heterogeneous
1 General
Area: 997,739 km2
Population: 65,700,000 (Estimate 2001)
2 Summary of Geology
The oldest rocks in Egypt occur as isolated Archean to
Proterozoic inliers in the Western Desert, whereas the
Egyptian part of the Arabian-Nubian Shield along the
coastal Red Sea region is made up of Neoproterozoic
Pan-African rocks. Paleozoic sediments often mantle
the basement rocks. After a sedimentary hiatus due
to the Hercynian orogeny Cretaceous sediments are
well exposed in various parts of the country. The
Cenozoic history is characterized by transgressions
and regressions and their respective sediment types.
3 Stratigraphy and Tectonics
Much of northeastern Africa is mantled by thick
sedimentary strata of Phanerozoic age, which form
a generally undeformed cover to a deep crystalline
basement. The older rocks are well exposed in eastern
Egypt and Sudan, where they comprise part of the
Arabian-Nubian Shield. Further into the interior of
northeastern Africa they appear as isolated inliers,
for instance the Uweinat inlier across the borders of
Egypt, Libya and Sudan. The Uweinat inlier is also
significant because it has provided the oldest ages
from anywhere in northeast Africa: Granulite facies
rocks in this area have yielded an average age of
about 2,900Ma. No younger ages than about 1,800Ma
have been obtained there, thus indicating the tectonic
stability of the Uweinat inlier since that time. It is
therefore probable that this region is to be considered
part of a craton from thence on.
Till to date, no pre-Pan-African rocks have been
identified in other regions of Egypt. The basement
rocks in the Eastern Desert of Egypt can be subdivided
from base to top into the Meatiq Group, the Abu
Ziran Group and the Hammamat Group, all of
Neoproterozoic age. The Meatiq Group comprises
old crystalline basement outcropping in gneiss domes.
These probably evolved in a mainly compressional
tectonic environment during Neoproterozoic times and
exhibit many of the basic structural and lithological
characteristics of metamorphic core complexes of
the Cordilleran type. They comprise an anticline with
low dipping foliation and unidirectional mineral-
and isoclinically folded mylonitic material, which
predates the doming event. This grades up into
low-grade ophiolitic rocks. The area lies in the
foreland fold and thrust belt of a continental margin
origin. Ophiolites outcrop along the thrust between
the Meatiq infrastructure and the imbricated Abu
Ziran nappe. Calc-alkaline magmatism occurred
along two upwards and is associated with gold
mineralization. The Abu Ziran Group comprises
ophiolites overlain by metasediments, pyroclastics
and local intermediate volcanics with island arc
characteristics. The Hammamat Group includes
molasse-type clastics and the penecoeval Dokhan
volcanics of andesitic to rhyolitic composition, these
being equivalent to plutonic, syn- to late-tectonic
calc-alkaline granites. The clastics are up to 5,000m
thick, of Late Pan-African age and exposed in the
coastel mountains of the Eastern Desert. There are
four lithofacies, which are conglomerate, pebbly
sandstone, sandstone and siltstone, respectively.
The interrelationships suggest alluvial fan-braided
stream deposition within several small-sized basins.
The interbedding of conglomerate and thick siltstone
units indicate the direct interdigitating of fans with
playas or lake sediments. Discontinuous siltstone
units are interpreted as cut-off channel deposits
within braided streams. Debris flow sedimentation is
not exhibited. Palaeomagnetic directions have been
identified at several sites in the Dokhan volcanics
and also from two dike swarms intruding the late
orogenic (younger) granites. The reported Rb-Sr
ages for the Dokhan volcanics range from 660 to
603Ma. The dike swarms range from 530 to 480Ma
in age. The Abu Zawal area is approximately 150km
northeast of Luxor and is composed of a sequence of
igneous and metamorphic rocks of Neoproterozoic
age. The least radioactivity is associated with basic
metavolcanics and the highest values relate to late
orogenic plutonites, whereas the granodiorites possess
a moderate level of radioactivity.
Post-Hercynian structural realignments and
resultant E-W trending structures in the Saharan
platform determined the major depocentres until the
disintegration of Pangaea in Jurassic to Cretaceous
times created new structural trends. During the
Mesozoic Egypt consisted of two main structural
provinces, an unstable shelf to the north with complex
NE-SW transcurrent faults and fault-bounded basins

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