Negative Effects of Social Media & Cyberbullying amongst Teenagers in US Paper PLEASE FIND ATTACHED RESEARCH STUDY ON A Research Study on the Negative Effe
Negative Effects of Social Media & Cyberbullying amongst Teenagers in US Paper PLEASE FIND ATTACHED RESEARCH STUDY ON A Research Study on the Negative Effects of Social Media and Cyberbullying amongst Teenagers in the United States.
In the research proposal it mentions on how we’ll collect data for this research study and i also have the survey questions.
please follow the instructions in research proposal to collect the data for the research study.
FINAL PAPER,
PLEASE USE THE THE DOCUMENTS AND YOUR COLLECTED DATA TO COMPLETE THE PAPER IN THE FOLLOWING FORMAT.
Final Paper – (Blackboard)
12-15 pages
12pt, Times New Roman (double space)
Write the paper in past tense
COVER PAGE
Research Topic
Name, Class, Date,
ABSTRACT (PAST TENSE)
Separate Page
No more than 250words
Summary of the entire study
Background Information (from Introduction)
Restate the objective or purpose of the study
Brief Description of the method/ study design used.
Results or findings of the study
Conclusion and recommendation
INTRODUCTION
Revised introduction from proposal
In-text citation
State a clear objective
LITERATURE REVIEW
Entire revised literature review
The study design used
The method used to collect information
The number of participants involved in the study
Any instructions given during the study
Any materials used in the study
Advantages or why you selected study design used
Where study took place
METHODOLOGY (carries most points)
RESULTS
Quantitative Studies
Display your results
Pie Charts
Table
Figures
Qualitative Studies
Narrating/Themes
2 to 3 Pages
Restate the objective of the study
Interpret the results
Compare the results to the past studies or literature review
Include in-text citation/use relational phrases
REMAINING DISPLAY GOES IN THE APPENDIX SECTION
DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
(consistent to, related to, similar to)
Any findings that contradicts past studies.
Indicate any problems or challenges encountered
Language Barrier
Unable to find willing participants for study
Time constraints
LIMITATIONS/CHALLENGES (past tense)
(sample size)
ETHICAL ISSUES
Informed consent given to participants
Information kept anonymous/confidential
CONCLUSION (carries most points)
Restate some important points mentioned in the introduction
Restate the objective of the study
Based on the findings of your study, what do you conclude
If your study is inconclusive indicate why?
Was the hypothesis achieved/correct/wrong?
Is further research required to reach the conclusion
Does your results add to existing body of knowledge.
What recommendations do you make to your stake holders?
NOT INCLUDED IN THE 12 15 PAGES
APPENDIX
Informed consent
Questions or the research instrument
Any remaining displays (labels)
REFRENCES 1
Dharna Patel
GE 2024 Research and Technology
Professor Nkansah
Annotated Bibliography
A Research Study on the Negative Effects of Social Media and Cyberbullying amongst Teenagers in the
United States
2
Annotated Bibliography
Garett, R., Lord, L., & Young, S. (2016). Associations between social media and
cyberbullying: a review of the literature. Mhealth, 2, 46-46. doi:
10.21037/mhealth.2016.12.01
The article is a relevant asset in studying the adverse effects of cyberbullying amongst
teenagers in the US because it borrows from different pieces of literature to establish the
magnitude of the vice. The article emphasizes the numerous mental health problems caused by
cyberbullying among the youth. The article associates cyberbullying with such problems as
suicidal thoughts, psychological, and developmental challenges. However, it reiterates the
infancy of cyberbullying and cites it as a primary reason for the existence of its universal
definition and prevalence among the youth. Furthermore, the study was based on social media as
the main medium through which cyberbullying is implemented. To achieve valid conclusions
regarding the topic, the researchers set out to achieve two objectives; clarification of the traits of
the perpetrators of the vice, and identification of the various instruments used as metrics of
cyberbullying on the social media in a bid to establish their effects on the victims well-being.
Mendez-Baldwin, M., Cirillo, K., Ferrigno, M., & Argento, V. (2015). Cyber Bullying
Among Teens. Journal Of Bullying And Social Aggression, 1(1). Retrieved from
http://sites.tamuc.edu/bullyingjournal/article/cyber-bullying-among-teens/
The research aims at establishing the extent to which American adolescents are
vulnerable to cyberbullying as well as their behavioral attitudes towards the vice. To achieve its
objective, the research was centered on high school students. It also examined the different ways
3
in which adolescents faced cyberbullying and their possibility of discussing such experiences
with other individuals such as their guardians and teachers. As a result, the study reinforced the
association between social media and cyberbullying by concluding that the vulnerability of
adolescents to cyberbullying was positively correlated to the number of social media networks
they used. The study established that parent figures play a critical role in determining the
exposure and experience of cyberbullying and that a third of the young people in the USA have
experienced cyberbullying at least once in their lives. Regarding the adverse effects, the research
established that cyberbullying is a pivotal contributor to anxiety, depression, and suicidal
thoughts among teenagers.
Li, Q. (2007). New bottle but old wine: A research of cyberbullying in schools. Computers
In Human Behavior, 23(4), 1777-1791. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2005.10.005
The study surveyed 177 students in a bid to ascertain the nature and degree of how
adolescents go through cyberbullying. It begins by defining the term in a bid to shed light to its
topic. It established that approximately 60% of the victims of cyberbullying are female
adolescents while the male adolescents make up approximately 52% of the perpetrators of the
vice. It also argues that most victims of cyberbullying fail to report the incidents, thus increasing
its prevalence. The relevance of the article in this study is centered on the fact that it establishes
the various forms taken by the vice and its complex nature. It further reiterates that the increased
sophistication of the vice is a major reason for difficulties in combatting its adverse effects.
Therefore, the article forms a basis for the examination of cyberbullying among the youth and
the dynamic nature in which it presents itself; thus, making it a hard nut to crack.
Nixon, C. (2014). Current perspectives: the impact of cyberbullying on adolescent
health. Adolescent Health, Medicine And Therapeutics, 143. doi: 10.2147/ahmt.s36456
4
The article opens by highlighting the fact that the adverse health effects of cyberbullying
among adolescents across the world have become a major issue that deserves further studies. To
prove the increasing health challenges caused by cyberbullying among the youth, the study
explores different pieces of literature on the effects of cyberbullying among the youth as a firm
basis for providing insights for future studies. From the different literature reviewed in the study,
it is evident that cyberbullying causes massive adverse effects on the health and well-being of
teenagers. Most teenagers who experience cyberbullying have continuously exhibited negative
health indices as evidenced by the escalation of such conditions as depressive effects, loneliness,
and somatic attributes among other adverse conditions. It also argues that the perpetrators of the
vice are often associated with delinquent and aggressive behaviors or extreme drug and
substance abuse. According to the article, moderating processes are strong influencers of the
relationship between cyberbullying and adolescent health.
Vaillancourt, T., Faris, R., & Mishna, F. (2016). Cyberbullying in Children and Youth:
Implications for Health and Clinical Practice. The Canadian Journal Of
Psychiatry, 62(6), 368-373. doi: 10.1177/0706743716684791
The article presents the effects of cyberbullying on a dynamic scope by examining them
among children and youth. The study explored different literature on cyberbullying and how it
results in different effects on the victims. The authors of the article also included the
corresponding dynamism of traditional bullying as a powerful accelerator of cyberbullying,
which makes it a highly destructive feature which is not readily identifiable. It also attributes the
increased cyberbullying to the increased possibility of individuals to act anonymously over long
distances. The article argues that cyberbullying can be perpetrated by a wide range of actors who
may be known or unknown to the victim. Due to the nature of cyberbullying and dynamism of
5
the perpetrators, schools are often faced with massive difficulties in their efforts to detect and
prevent cyberbullying. Cyberbullying poses massive health threats to the victims; therefore, the
researchers conclude by encouraging health practitioners to conduct regular screening for such
effects.
Lindert, J. (2017). Cyber-bullying and its impact on mental health. European Journal Of
Public Health, 27(suppl_3). doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.581
The author of the article sought to establish the different ways in which cyberbullying
affects the wellness of the human mind. As such, the article starts by terming cyberbullying as a
major global challenge whose adverse effects on the youth are inevitable. Cyberbullying can
emerge from the use of the Internet, cell phones, and other communication devices through
which different forms of messages can be transmitted with the aim of hurting or embarrassing
the recipient. The complexity and technicality of cyberbullying make it difficult for its victims to
detect or realize it when it occurs. The situation creates a great need for the formulation of a
different mechanism to detect symptoms of cyberbullying and prevent it or mitigate its effects
among the youth. However, the study concluded that cyberbullying is a major contributor to
depressive symptoms, anxiety, and other self-harming actions by the victim. Therefore, the youth
should be enlightened on the different ways of detecting the vice and avoiding or dealing with its
adverse effects.
Patchin, J., & Hinduja, S. (2013). Cyberbullying Among Adolescents: Implications for
Empirical Research. Journal Of Adolescent Health, 53(4), 431-432. doi:
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.07.030
6
The article examines the causative agents and effects of cyberbullying among teenagers
by arguing that the topic has been extensively researched over the last decades. However, it
points out that the existing literature on the topic is faced with methodological shortcomings as a
result of the constant evolution of technology. It further explores the extent to which
cyberbullying is correlated to the emergence and persistence of psychological and behavioral
problems among the victim adolescents. The research complimented previous studies by
concluding that cyberbullying results in adverse health effects on teenage victims. The study
questions the link of cyberbullying to the emergence and persistence of depression among the
victims. Therefore, it argues that cyberbullying is a complex topic which should be carefully
examined and addressed by all humans in a bid to understand and minimize its adverse effects.
Provision of relevant information to different stakeholders such as parents and policymakers
would positively contribute to the reduction of cyberbullying and its effects among adolescents.
Ferreira, T., & Deslandes, S. (2018). Cyberbullying: Cyberbullying: concepts, dynamics,
characters, and health implications. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 23(10), 3369-3379. doi:
10.1590/1413-812320182310.13482018
The relevance of the article in this study was based on the fact that it was an evaluation of
various bibliographical works by other researchers in the past in a bid to ascertain the
communitys understanding of cyberbullying. It also sought to understand the communitys
conceptualization of cyberbullying, the description of its dynamics, identifying characters, and
the actual health statuses of the victims as well as the perpetrators. Despite being informative, the
article confirmed previous assertions that previous studies have failed to arrive at a consensus
regarding the concept; however, various claims have been verified that cyberbullying is specific
and differentiated. The article also ascertained that cyberbullying could be launched across the
7
globe without any physical or geographical restrictions; especially due to the increased use of the
Internet and other communication technologies. Also, the intensity and length of its impacts
undetermined. The article ascertained that all victims of cyberbullying, regardless of their
gender, experience adverse effects on their psychological and behavioral health.
Greenfield, S. (2015). The Internet Has Changed Bullying- For The Worse. Retrieved from
https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/mind-change/201512/the-internet-haschanged-bullying-the-worse
In a bid to explain the adverse effects of cyberbullying, the article based its argument on the fact
that the development of the Internet has acted as an active revolutionary for the adverse effects of
bullying. To ascertain the claim that the Internet has contributed to the negative transformation
of cyberbullying, the author linked the use of social networking sites to cyberbullying. It argues
that the use of social networking sites could be of some benefits to the users; however,
cyberbullying is a significant downside of the increased use of social media networks. The threat
posed by cyberbullying does not select the ages or gender of the victims. Moreover, the article
concludes by confirming the pervasiveness of the threat posed by cyberbullying to the safety and
health of teenagers. The article extends its horizons to highlight that most cyberbullying cases
are associated with issues pertaining to human relationships; especially intimate ones. It also
explores the motivations underlying cyberbullying.
John, A., Glendenning, A., Marchant, A., Montgomery, P., Stewart, A., & Wood, S. et al.
(2018). Self-Harm, Suicidal Behaviours, and Cyberbullying in Children and Young
People: Systematic Review. Journal Of Medical Internet Research, 20(4), e129. doi:
10.2196/jmir.9044
8
The article was based on results obtained from an experiment conducted through an electronic
literature search for all studies completed in the period between 1996 and 2017; across various
academic databases. The study aimed at establishing how cyberbullying among people under the
age of twenty-five years was related to behavioral orientations, self-harm, and suicidal behaviors.
The article was based on meta-analyses of the data extracted from the studies examined. Having
explored information contained in 33 articles, the study reviewed research outcomes for 156,384
teenagers presented in 25 articles. The analysis of the different studies evaluated in the study
revealed that the prevalence of cyberbullying among young people is directly related to
behavioral disorders such as self-harm and suicidal ideation. It also highlighted that the risk of
developing suicidal behaviors was evident among the perpetrators as well as the victims. At the
end of the article, the researchers recommended that future studies should aim at unearthing the
concept from perspectives of involvement, gender, and frequency.
Peebles, E. (2014). Cyberbullying: Hiding behind the screen. Paediatrics & Child
Health, 19(10), 527-528. doi: 10.1093/pch/19.10.527
The article serves as a reliable source of information about the persistence of cyberbullying in
among teenagers and its numerous adverse effects. It also reiterates the role played by
technological developments and the Internet in enabling the perpetrators of cyberbullying to act
anonymously; a concept referred to as hiding behind the screen by the researcher. From the
article, it is evident that cyberbullying can be launched in different forms, including harassment,
victimization, rumor mongering, trickery, impersonation, and vulgarity among other forms.
Further, the perpetrators of cyberbullying may launch their activities through different platforms
such as text messages via mobile phones, email, and different social media networking sites. The
article contributes to the central theme of the paper by discussing the potential effects of
9
cyberbullying. As such, it begins by highlighting that the affected teenagers rarely report their
experiences. Therefore, cyberbullying results in numerous adverse effects on the victim and the
perpetrator. The intensification of the adverse effects is amplified by frequency, severity, and
duration of cyberbullying. Overall, the article highlights various adverse effects on the health,
behavior, and psychology of the victims and the bullies.
10
References
Garett, R., Lord, L., & Young, S. (2016). Associations between social media and cyberbullying:
a review of the literature. Mhealth, 2, 46-46. doi: 10.21037/mhealth.2016.12.01
Ferreira, T., & Deslandes, S. (2018). Cyberbullying: Cyberbullying: concepts, dynamics,
characters, and health implications. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 23(10), 3369-3379. doi:
10.1590/1413-812320182310.13482018
Greenfield, S. (2015). The Internet Has Changed Bullying- For The Worse. Retrieved from
https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/mind-change/201512/the-internet-has-changedbullying-the-worse
John, A., Glendenning, A., Marchant, A., Montgomery, P., Stewart, A., & Wood, S. et al. (2018).
Self-Harm, Suicidal Behaviours, and Cyberbullying in Children and Young People:
Systematic Review. Journal Of Medical Internet Research, 20(4), e129. doi:
10.2196/jmir.9044
Li, Q. (2007). New bottle but old wine: A research of cyberbullying in schools. Computers In
Human Behavior, 23(4), 1777-1791. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2005.10.005
Lindert, J. (2017). Cyber-bullying and its impact on mental health. European Journal Of Public
Health, 27(suppl_3). doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckx187.581
Mendez-Baldwin, M., Cirillo, K., Ferrigno, M., & Argento, V. (2015). Cyber Bullying Among
Teens. Journal Of Bullying And Social Aggression, 1(1). Retrieved from
http://sites.tamuc.edu/bullyingjournal/article/cyber-bullying-among-teens/
11
Nixon, C. (2014). Current perspectives: the impact of cyberbullying on adolescent
health. Adolescent Health, Medicine And Therapeutics, 143. doi: 10.2147/ahmt.s36456
Patchin, J., & Hinduja, S. (2013). Cyberbullying Among Adolescents: Implications for Empirical
Research. Journal Of Adolescent Health, 53(4), 431-432. doi:
10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.07.030
Peebles, E. (2014). Cyberbullying: Hiding behind the screen. Paediatrics & Child
Health, 19(10), 527-528. doi: 10.1093/pch/19.10.527
Vaillancourt, T., Faris, R., & Mishna, F. (2016). Cyberbullying in Children and Youth:
Implications for Health and Clinical Practice. The Canadian Journal Of Psychiatry, 62(6),
368-373. doi: 10.1177/0706743716684791
1
Dharna Patel
GE 2024 Research and Technology
Professor Nkansah
Literature Review
A Research Study on the Negative Effects of Social Media and Cyberbullying amongst Teenagers in the
United States
LITERATURE REVIEW
2
Literature Review
Prevalence of Cyberbullying
Cyberbullying is a recent concept that has been extensively studied by different scholars
in a bid to establish a holistic understanding of its effects; especially among teenagers. However,
different studies have been faced with various methodological challenges in the study of
cyberbullying and how it affects the youth due to its firm foundations in technological
developments (Patchin & Hinduja, 2013). Multiple ill-motives motivate the perpetrators of
cyberbullying against their targets; such as harassment, embarrassment, and intimidation. To
achieve their objectives, cyber-bullies exploit different platforms such as cell phones and social
media to reach their victims (Lindert, 2017). The persistence of cyberbullying in the modern
world is pacified by the increased use of the Internet and other communication channels. For
instance, the use of social media has been highlighted as the most significant avenue for
experiencing cyberbullying among teenagers. On the other hand, Greenfield (2015) argues that
the Internet has contributed to the negative transformation of cyberbullying by providing
multiple services for the vice to be executed. As such, Mendez-Baldwin et al., (2015) established
that the extent to which teenagers are vulnerable to cyberbullying is highly determined by the
number of social media networks used by an individual. The argument implies that teenagers
who use many social networks are exposed to higher chances of being bullied compared to those
using a single platform.
Mendez-Baldwin, et al., (2015) and Li (2007) associated the increased rampancy of
cyberbullying to the fact that most teenage victims do not share such experiences with their
LITERATURE REVIEW
3
parents, guardians, and teachers for assistance. Another potent explanation for the increased
cases of cyberbullying is its high level of complexity which makes it hard to detect, prevent, or
control. The use of Internet technologies enables the perpetrators of cyberbullying to execute
their activities across the world anonymously and technically to the extent that some victims fail
to realize that they are being bullied (Vaillancourt, Faris & Mishna, 2016). According to Peebles
(2014), Internet enables perpetrators of cyberbullying to hide behind the screen. As a result of
the increased rampancy and complexity of cyberbullying in the US, as well as the massive ill
motives of the perpetrators; it is evident that it results in numerous adverse effects on the victim
teenagers.
Adverse Effects of Cyberbullying o Teenagers
To highlight the negative effects of cyberbullying on the teenage victims in the United
States of America, Lindert (2017) researched to establish the adverse effects of cyberbullying on
teenage victims. The increased technological developments and the increased use of the Internet
have contributed significantly to the emergence of cyberbullying as a big challenge for the entire
world due to the numerous adverse effects on the mental well-being of teenagers. Linderts
argument that cyberbullying adversely affects the mental well-being of teenagers is rooted in the
ill motives of the perpetrators. He noted that the different messages transmitted by cyber-bullies
are aimed at embarrassing and hurting the victim upon receipt.
Among the most identifiable adverse effects of …
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