Maricopa Principles & Measurements Of Global Health Issues Research Paper Follow the instruction to write 2pages paperYou must apply at least 2 references
Maricopa Principles & Measurements Of Global Health Issues Research Paper Follow the instruction to write 2pages paperYou must apply at least 2 references from the bookAll the work must be originalTurnitin report is required Global Health Issues Paper #2
Submit Assignment
Due Sunday by 11:59pm
Points 200
Submitting a text entry box or a file upload
File Types doc, docx, and pdf
For this assignment, you will reconsider your original issues proposal and discuss whether
you would change your original paper and why or why not, using information learned in
class throughout the course of the semester. You should state your original three issues, and
then state whether you would keep those original issues or change those issues (any or all of
them). Each issue should be supported by facts and evidence, and each issue should have at
least one of the facts/evidence that you share from a class source (textbook, lecture, activity,
video, etc).
Important to note: if you do keep your original three issues, you still need to provide
justification using evidence from class. The paper should be approximately 2 pages in length.
This assignment will assume that you now have knowledge of global health issues, and this
should be reflected appropriately in your paper.
Please be sure to read over the grading rubric carefully (Found in Module 14: Rubrics) so you
know how you will be graded and what needs to be included in your paper.
Rubric
GH Issues Paper #2
GH Issues Paper #2
Criteria
This criterion is linked to a Learning
OutcomeOriginal issues stated
Ratings
10.0 pts
Yes
Pts
0.0 pts
No
10.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning
OutcomeReasoning
Is reasoning for original issues stated?
10.0 pts
Yes
5.0 pts
Somewhat
0.0 pts
No
10.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning
OutcomeIssues/Terms explained
Are issues or terms of the list clearly
explained?
10.0 pts
Yes
5.0 pts
Somewhat
0.0 pts
No
10.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning
OutcomeNew Issues
Are issues or terms of the list clearly
explained? If original issues maintained, does
student state that s/he would keep original
issues?
10.0 pts
Yes
This criterion is linked to a Learning
OutcomeNew Issues Reasoning
Is reasoning for these new issues stated (If
student keeps original issues, is reasoning for
keeping original issues explained)?
20.0 pts
Full
Marks
5.0 pts
Full
Marks
This criterion is linked to a Learning
OutcomeNew Issues Explanation
Are issues or terms of the list clearly
explained?
This criterion is linked to a Learning
OutcomeEvidence
Is credible and/or factual evidence used to
support global health issues?
This criterion is linked to a Learning
OutcomeThought
Is there evidence of careful thought (i.e., wellstructured arguments?
20.0 pts
Yes
20.0 pts
Full
Marks
5.0 pts
Somewhat
0.0 pts
No Marks
10.0 pts
10.0 pts
Somewhat
0.0 pts
No
Marks
20.0 pts
2.0 pts
Somewhat
0.0 pts
No
Marks
5.0 pts
15.0 pts
Somewhat
15.0 pts
Somewhat
0.0 pts
No Marks
20.0 pts
0.0 pts
No
Marks
20.0 pts
GH Issues Paper #2
Criteria
Ratings
Pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning
OutcomeExpression
Are ideas expressed clearly (i.e. grammar,
spelling, sentence structure)?
20.0 pts
Yes
15.0 pts
Somewhat
This criterion is linked to a Learning
OutcomeReview of materials
Is there evidence of substantive review of
websites and materials?
10.0 pts
Yes
7.0 pts
Yes
5.0 pts
Yes
3.0 pts
Somewhat
0.0 pts
No Marks
5.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning
OutcomeTone
Is the overall tone professional (including
respectful of others)?
5.0 pts
Yes
3.0 pts
Somewhat
0.0 pts
No Marks
5.0 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning
OutcomePresentation
Is the overall presentation engaging and
accessible to the reader?
5.0 pts
Yes
This criterion is linked to a Learning
OutcomeReferencing
Are citations used appropriately and
effectively in-text?
5.0 pts
Full
Marks
This criterion is linked to a Learning
OutcomeBibliography
Is the Bibliography present?
5.0 pts
Full Marks
This criterion is linked to a Learning
OutcomeArgument
Is the argument persuasive?
This criterion is linked to a Learning
OutcomeBibliography
Is the Bibliography consistent?
5.0 pts
Full
Marks
0.0 pts
No Marks
0.0 pts
No Marks
0.0 pts
No Marks
3.0 pts
Somewhat
10.0 pts
5.0 pts
0.0 pts
No
Marks
0.0 pts
No Marks
3.0 pts
Somewhat
20.0 pts
0.0 pts
No
Marks
5.0 pts
5.0 pts
5.0 pts
GH Issues Paper #2
Criteria
This criterion is linked to a Learning
OutcomeEvidence from class
Is evidence from lectures, in-class videos, or
the textbook used to support argument?
Total Points: 200.0
PreviousNext
Ratings
35.0 pts
Yes
23.0 pts
Somewhat
Pts
0.0 pts
No Marks
35.0 pts
Global Health
Global health is a crucial goal that every country all over the world aims to achieve. Natural
disasters, wars and epidemics are some of the issues that have threatened global health in the past
few years. The CDC’s main strategy for achieving global health is centered around a world full of
healthy and safe people who live long lives sustained by science, partnerships, and evidence-based
health action. My personal philosophy for achieving global health involves an initiative aimed at
eradication communicable and non-communicable diseases which are the main causes of death
among the world population, especially in the third world countries. Creating awareness on the
prevention measures and remedies for HIV/AIDS would also be a major priority of my personal
initiative. The initiative would also aim at sensitizing people on the need to adopt healthy diets and
avoid unhealthy foods which can cause nutritional conditions or diseases.
Some of the main global health issues currently include food shortages, non-communicable
diseases and economic disparities and lack of access to healthcare. Food shortages pose the risk of
starvation for a significantly large percentage of the world population. In sub-Saharan Africa for
example, there is a high and prevalent risk of famine. A significant number of people living in
these areas are already starving, hence at risk of death or nutritional disorders and diseases (World
Health Organization, 2019). According to the United Nations, half of Yemen’s population were at
risk of famine and starvation as of October last year. They are therefore more likely to suffer from
cholera, malnutrition and other diseases. There is also a prevalent food insecurity condition in
South Sudan which threatens to get worse as time goes by. People who live in such hunger-stricken
areas experience the literal collapse of their immune systems, hence being at risk of contracting
any disease they come in contact with (United Nations Foundation, 2019).
Another major global health issue, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs),
poses health risks for billions of the world population. Cancer, diabetes, stroke and heart disease
are some of the main non-communicable diseases which account for almost 70% of deaths all over
the world. Most of them can be attributed to genetic, environmental or physiological factors.
Around 75% of all NCD-related deaths around the globe happen in middle or low-income
countries. Third world countries, therefore, have the highest number of deaths which occur as a
result of NCDs. To reduce the number of deaths caused by NCDs globally, attention needs to be
paid to the factors that arise in low-income countries. Education also needs to be enhanced on the
risks of reckless lifestyles such as smoking, alcohol use, poor diets and lack of exercise (Centers
for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019).
The third issue is the lack of access to healthcare and economic disparities. Even though
the field of medicine has experienced some significant improvements in the contemporary world,
several countries still lack adequate health care or health education. They, therefore, struggle in
controlling the spread of sexually transmitted infections, mortality rates and nutritional conditions.
These are all due to disparities that exist between these countries and economies. In some
countries, the disparities are caused by geographical factors, in that rural areas lack the same
healthcare amenities as urban areas. Income inequality is also another reason behind such
disparities. To remedy the situation, there is the need for exploring opportunities to ensure that all
communities are well represented in the public health arena, and physicians are encouraged to
practice in rural areas by removing all the barriers that may prevent them from practicing in remote
areas through the implementation of relevant policies. All the adversities that come with healthcare
issues can be easily solved by reducing disparities between world countries or continents and
ensuring that every individual in every corner of the globe has access to adequate health care.
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019, January 29). CDC – Global Health.
Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/index.html
United Nations Foundation. (2019). Global Health | unfoundation.org. Retrieved from
https://unfoundation.org/what-we-do/issues/global-health/?print=t
World Health Organization. (2019). WHO | Meeting global health challenges through
operational research and management science. Retrieved from
https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/89/9/11-086066/en/
© Randy Plett/Stone/Getty Images
Global Health 101
T H I R D E D I T IO N
Richard Skolnik
Lecturer in Public Health
Department of Health Policy and Management
Yale School of Public Health
New Haven, CT
Lecturer in the Practice of Management
Yale School of Management
New Haven, CT
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Cover Printing: RR Donnelley
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Skolnik, Richard L., author.
Global health 101 / Richard Skolnik.Third edition.
p. ; cm.
Global health one hundred one
Global health one hundred and one
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-284-05054-7 (pbk.)
I. Title. II. Title: Global health one hundred one. III. Title: Global health one hundred and one.
[DNLM: 1. Global Health. 2. Health Services Accessibility. 3. Public Health. WA 530.1]
RA441
362.1dc23
2015014288
6048
Printed in the United States of America
19 18 17 16 15 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
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Contents
Essential Public Health Series
xix
The Importance of Global Health
xxi
Global Health 101, Third Edition
xxv
Prologue: Global Health 101, Third Edition
xxvii
Foreword
xxix
Acknowledgments
xxxi
About the Author
xxxv
Quotable Global Health Quotes
xxxvii
Abbreviations
xxxix
Part I
Principles, Measurements, and
the HealthDevelopment Link
Chapter 1
The Principles and Goals of Global Health
Vignettes
Why Study Global Health
Health, Public Health, and Global Health
Health
Public Health
Global Health
Critical Global Health Concepts
The Organization of Data in the Book
The Millennium Development Goals
3
3
4
5
5
5
7
7
8
11
iv
Contents
Chapter 2
The Case Studies
Smallpox EradicationThe Most Famous Success Story
Background
The Intervention
The Impact
Costs and Benefits
Lessons Learned
Central Messages of the Book
Study Questions
References
11
11
11
12
13
13
13
14
16
17
Health Determinants, Measurements, and Trends
19
Vignettes
The Importance of Measuring Health Status
The Determinants of Health
Key Health Indicators
Vital Registration
Measuring the Burden of Disease
Burden of Disease Data
Overview of Patterns and Trends in the Burden of Disease
The Leading Causes of Deaths and DALYs
Trends in the Cause of Deaths and DALYs, 19902010
Causes of Death and DALYs by Region
Causes of Death by Age
Causes of Death and DALYs by Sex
The Burden of Deaths and Disease Within Countries
Risk Factors
Demography and Health
Population Growth
Population Aging
Urbanization
The Demographic Divide
The Demographic Transition
The Epidemiologic Transition
Progress in Health Status
The Burden of Disease: Looking Forward
Economic Development
Scientific and Technological Change
Climate Change
Political Stability
Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases
Projecting the Burden of Disease
The Development Challenge of Improving Health
19
20
20
22
25
26
28
29
29
31
31
31
31
39
39
41
41
41
42
42
43
44
44
45
45
46
46
46
46
46
48
Contents
v
Policy and Program Brief
The Million Death Study on India
Case Study
The State of Kerala
Main Messages
Study Questions
References
49
49
50
50
51
53
54
Chapter 3
Health, Education, Poverty, and the Economy
57
Part II
Cross-Cutting Global Health Themes
Chapter 4
Ethical and Human Rights Concerns in Global Health
Vignettes
Introduction
Health, Education, Productivity, and Poverty
Health and Education
Health, Productivity, and Earnings
Health, the Costs of Illness, and Poverty
Health Disparities
Health Disparities Across Countries
Health Disparities Within Countries
Health Disparities and Location
Health Disparities and Income
Health Disparities and Gender
Health Disparities and Ethnicity
Health Disparities and Other Marginalized Groups
Financial Fairness
Concluding Comments on Health Disparities
Health Expenditure and Health Outcomes
Public and Private Expenditure on Health
The Cost-Effectiveness of Health Interventions
Health and Development
Policy and Program Brief
Health Equity and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender People
Case Study
The Challenge of Guinea Worm in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa
Main Messages
Study Questions
References
Vignettes
The Importance of Ethical and Human Rights Issues in Global Health
The Foundations for Health and Human Rights
57
57
58
58
59
59
60
61
61
62
63
64
64
64
65
65
66
67
68
70
70
70
72
72
73
74
75
79
79
79
80
vi
Contents
Chapter 5
Selected Human Rights Issues
The Rights-Based Approach
Limits to Human Rights
Human Rights and HIV/AIDS
Research on Human Subjects
Key Human Research Cases
Research Ethics Guidelines
The Nuremberg Code
The Declaration of Helsinki
The Belmont Report
Evaluating the Ethics of Human Subjects Research
Research in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Human Subjects Research Oversight Today
Ethical Issues in Making Investment Choices in Health
Principles for Distributing Scarce Resources
Fair Processes
Challenges for the Future
Study Questions
References
81
81
82
82
83
83
85
85
86
86
87
88
89
89
90
91
91
93
94
An Introduction to Health Systems
97
Vignettes
Introduction
What is a Health System?
The Functions of a Health System
How are Health Services Organized?
Categorizing Health Services
Levels of Care
Primary Health Care, from Alma-Ata to the Present
The Roles of the Public, Private, and NGO Sectors
Health Sector Expenditure
Selected Examples of Health Systems
High-Income Countries
Upper-Middle-Income Countries
Lower-Middle-Income Countries
Key Health Sector Issues
Demographic and Epidemiologic Change
Stewardship
Human Resource Issues
Quality of Care
The Financing of Health Systems
Financial Protection and the Provision of Universal Coverage
Access and Equity
97
97
101
101
102
102
104
105
105
107
109
109
110
111
112
112
112
114
114
115
115
115
Contents
Chapter 6
vii
Addressing Key Health Sector Concerns
Demographic and Epidemiologic Change
Stewardship
Human Resources
Financing Health Services
Financial Protection and Universal Coverage
Access and Equity
Quality
Delivering Primary Health Care
Policy and Program Briefs
Universal Health Coverage
RwandaReducing Financial Barriers to Care and Improving
the Coverage and Quality of Health Services
Universalizing Insurance Coverage in Thailand
Contracting Out Health Services
Results-Based Financing
Pharmaceuticals
Essential Surgery
Case Studies
Combating Diarrheal Disease in Bangladesh
Integrating Services at the Grassroots Level
Enhancing Community Health Services in Tanzania
Main Messages
Study Questions
References
122
123
125
125
127
130
133
134
135
137
137
140
141
Culture and Health
145
Vignettes
The Importance of Culture to Health
The Concept of Culture
Health Beliefs and Practices
Perceptions of Illness
Perceptions of Disease
Folk Illnesses
The Prevention of Illness
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Illness and the Use of Health Services
Health Providers
Health Behaviors and Behavior Change
Improving Health Behaviors
Understanding and Engendering Behavior Change
Understanding Behaviors
Changing Health Behaviors
Social Assessment
115
116
116
116
117
117
117
118
118
119
121
145
146
146
147
147
147
148
149
149
149
150
151
153
153
153
155
viii
Contents
Policy and Program Briefs
Breastfeeding in Burundi
Polio Vaccination in India
Birthing Services in Peru
Conditional Cash Transfers in Mexico
Care Groups
Ebola and Culture
Main Messages
Study Questions
References
Part III
The Burden of Disease
Chapter 7
The Environment and Health
Vignettes
The Importance of Environmental Health
Key Concepts
Key Environmental Health Burdens
Household Air Pollution
Ambient Air Pollution
Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene
The Burden of Environmentally Related Diseases
Household Air Pollution
Ambient Air Pollution…
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