Iowa Western Community College Philosophy Multiple choice Exam According to Enoch, how would we respond moral questions if we *are* objectivists? Group of
Iowa Western Community College Philosophy Multiple choice Exam According to Enoch, how would we respond moral questions if we *are* objectivists?
Group of answer choices
Just as it’s funny to say that “It’s a good thing I don’t like spinach, because if I did, then I would want to eat it–but it’s disgusting” so it would be funny to say “It’s a good thing I didn’t grow up in the 18th century, because if I did, then I would think racism and slavery were okay–but they aren’t!”
Just as it seems appropriate to say that “It’s a good thing I didn’t grow up in the middle ages in Europe, because if I had, then I would have believed that the Sun orbits around the Earth–and that’s false!” so it makes sense to say “It’s a good thing I didn’t grow up in the 18th century, because if I did, then I would think racism and slavery were okay–but they aren’t!”
Just as disagreement about whether dark chocolate or milk chocolate is better seems trivial and merely about one’s own preferences, so disagreement about whether abortion is okay or not seems trivial and merely about one’s own preferences
Just as top hats would be in fashion if everyone were to like them and wear them, so gender discrimination would be permissible if everyone were to be okay with it
Flag this QuestionQuestion 21 pts
According to Enoch, how would respond moral questions if we are *not* objectivists?
Group of answer choices
Just as it’s funny to say that “It’s a good thing I don’t like spinach, because if I did, then I would want to eat it–but it’s disgusting” so it would be funny to say “It’s a good thing I didn’t grow up in the 18th century, because if I did, then I would think racism and slavery were okay–but they aren’t!”
Just as smoking would still be harmful even if we were all to believe that it was harmless, so gender discrimination would be morally wrong even if we were all to believe that it was okay
Just as it seems appropriate to say that “It’s a good thing I didn’t grow up in the middle ages in Europe, because it I had, then I would have believed that the Sun orbits around the Earth–and that’s false!” so it makes sense to say “It’s a good thing I didn’t grow up in the 18th century, because if I did, then I would think racism and slavery were okay–but they aren’t!”
Just as disagreement about whether climate change is occurring feels like an attempt to discover an independent, objective scientific truth, so disagreement about whether abortion is permissible in certain cases feels like an attempt to discover an independent, objective moral truth.
Flag this QuestionQuestion 31 pts
What is an example of a descriptive statement?
Group of answer choices
The statement war is wrong (when said by me) is true if and only if I disapprove of war
Our culture believes that stealing is almost always morally unacceptable
The term morally wrong means disapproved of by my culture
When John says killing is self-defense is wrong, that statement is true if and only if John disapproves of killing in self-defense
Flag this QuestionQuestion 41 pts
What is an example of a normative ethical statement?
Group of answer choices
You morally ought not to steal
John took Erins bike even though John believes that stealing is morally wrong
Our culture believes that stealing is almost always morally unacceptable
Lots of people find stealing to be abhorrent
Flag this QuestionQuestion 51 pts
What is an example of a metaethical statement?
Group of answer choices
John took Erins bike even though John believes that stealing is morally wrong
When John says killing is self-defense is wrong, that statement is true if and only if John disapproves of killing in self-defense
Lots of people find stealing to be abhorrent
Our culture believes that stealing is almost always morally unacceptable
Flag this QuestionQuestion 61 pts
What is an example of a metaethical statement that defines a normative moral concept?
Group of answer choices
What makes lying wrong is the fact that God commands us not to lie.
When I say Lying is morally wrong that just means that my culture disapproves of lying.
The statement Lying is wrong, when said by me, is true only if I disapprove of lying.
The wrongness of lying is constituted by my cultures disapproval of lying.
Flag this QuestionQuestion 71 pts
What kind of statement does a metaethical statement make?
Group of answer choices
Describes the feelings and attitudes of an individual person.
Says that some action is morally required or wrong or permissible.
Describes the beliefs and customs of a culture.
Gives the truth conditions of normative ethical statements.
Flag this QuestionQuestion 81 pts
What is metaethical relativism?
Group of answer choices
We do not have any obligations. We do not have any duties. We are not required to do anything. Nothing we might do is wrong.
What makes lying wrong for you is the fact that you disapprove of lying.
What makes lying wrong for you is the fact that your culture disapproves of lying.
What makes lying wrong for you is the fact that God’s desires that we not lie or commands us not to lie.
Flag this QuestionQuestion 91 pts
What is metaethical subjectivism?
Group of answer choices
The term “morally wrong” just means “God forbids it” or “God desires that we avoid it.”
There are moral properties or moral facts that exist independently of the moral codes of any culture, and of the attitudes and feelings of any individual person, and of the commands and desires of any divine being.
The term “morally wrong” just means “I disapprove.”
The term “morally wrong” just means “my culture disapproves of it.”
Flag this QuestionQuestion 101 pts
What is theistic voluntarism?
Group of answer choices
What makes lying wrong is the fact that God commands us not to lie.
What makes lying wrong for me is the fact that I disapprove of lying.
What makes lying wrong for me is the fact that my culture disapproves of lying
We do not have any obligations. We do not have any duties. We are not required to do anything. Nothing we might do is wrong.
Flag this QuestionQuestion 111 pts
What is moral nihilism?
Group of answer choices
We do not have any obligations. We do not have any duties. We are not required to do anything. Nothing we might do is wrong.
What makes lying wrong for me is the fact that my culture disapproves of lying
What makes lying wrong for me is the fact that I disapprove of lying.
What makes lying wrong is the fact that God commands us not to lie.
Flag this QuestionQuestion 121 pts
What is metaethical objectivism?
Group of answer choices
There are moral properties or moral facts that exist independently of the moral codes of any culture, and of the attitudes and feelings of any individual person, and of the commands and desires of any divine being.
The term “morally wrong” just means “my culture disapproves of it.”
The term “morally wrong” just means “God forbids it” or “God desires that we avoid it.”
The term “morally wrong” just means “I disapprove.”
Flag this QuestionQuestion 131 pts
What metaethical theory claims that what makes any normative moral statement true or false is determined by the moral code of the speaker’s culture?
Group of answer choices
Metaethical subjectivism
Metaethical objectivism
Theistic voluntarism
Metaethical relativism
Flag this QuestionQuestion 141 pts
What metaethical theory claims that what moral concepts such as ‘right’ and ‘wrong’ are defined in terms of one’s preferences and attitudes?
Group of answer choices
Metaethical relativism
Theistic voluntarism
Metaethical objectivism
Metaethical subjectivism
Flag this QuestionQuestion 151 pts
What metaethical theory claims that what makes any action morally right or morally wrong for a person is determined by facts about God’s commands or desires?
Group of answer choices
Metaethical relativism
Metaethical subjectivism
Theistic voluntarism
Metaethical objectivism
Flag this QuestionQuestion 161 pts
What metaethical theory claims that there are moral properties or moral facts that exist independently of the moral codes of any culture, and of the attitudes and feelings of any individual person, and of the commands and desires of any divine being?
Group of answer choices
Metaethical objectivism
Moral nihilism
Metaethical relativism
Metaethical subjectivism
Flag this QuestionQuestion 171 pts
What is metaethical relativism?
Group of answer choices
We ought to conform to the moral code of our culture.
Cultures have different moral codes
We acquire our moral attitudes and feelings from our culture.
What makes any action morally right or morally wrong for a person is determined by facts about the moral code of that person’s culture.
Flag this QuestionQuestion 181 pts
What is theistic voluntarism?
Group of answer choices
God has commanded people to tell the truth.
We ought to obey God.
Some people believe God that has commanded people to tell the truth.
What makes any action morally right or morally wrong for a person is determined by facts about God’s commands or desires.
Flag this QuestionQuestion 191 pts
What is an objection to metaethical objectivism?
Group of answer choices
We ought to be tolerant of other cultures.
If this view were true, there would not be any differences or disagreements across cultures. But there is.
We ought to follow the moral code of our own culture.
We ought to obey God.
Flag this QuestionQuestion 201 pts
One argument against metaethical objectivism relies on the following premise:
“If cultures have different moral codes, then there are no objective moral truths.”
What response addresses this premise?
Group of answer choices
We acquire our beliefs about scientific, mathematical, and historical truths from our culture
Metaethical relativism is false
The differences we find in the moral codes of different cultures are not substantial and underlying those differences are deep similarities
Cultures also differ in their beliefs about science, religion, and history, but these are nonetheless objective subjects
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What is an objection to metaethical subjectivism?
Group of answer choices
If this view were true, we would not be acquiring our moral attitudes from our cultural upbringing. But we are.
If this view were true, God could desire that we torture babies for fun or that we inflict gratuitous harm on each other or other similar such horrible things. Afterall, those things wouldn’t be inherently wrong. Theres nothing wrong with those things separate from Gods desires. But those things are wrong, regardless of God’s desires concerning them.
Disagreements about distinctively moral topics do not just seem like theyre just expressions of different attitudes, which this view says they are. They seem to involve the idea that one of those attitudes is mistaken.
If this view were true, there would need to be a principled way to specify *which* culture a person belongs to for the purposes of moral evaluation. But there isn’t any such way.
Flag this QuestionQuestion 221 pts
Which example is used to highlight how some moral differences across cultures are due to differences in the meanings of gestures, rituals, and such things?
Group of answer choices
The example involving the Amish tradition of avoiding modern technology and living in small, close-knit communities.
The example involving the tourist and A-okay.
The example involving the showing of respect and love for the deceased parent by engaging in certain practices to assist them in the afterlife.
The example involving the nomadic caribou hunters.
Flag this QuestionQuestion 231 pts
According to Enoch, who decides what is right and wrong?
Group of answer choices
We do together. What is right and wrong depends on the moral code of our culture
No one does in the sense that there are objectively correct answers to moral questions that no one gets to ‘decide’ about. In another sense, we each must decide what we’re going to believe about morality–though our beliefs could end up being incorrect
No one gets to. There is no right and wrong
We each do. What is right and wrong depends on our individual preferences
Flag this QuestionQuestion 241 pts
How does Miller respond to the arbitrariness objection?
Group of answer choices
There is no problem because Gods desires are not arbitrary: they are responses to his knowledge of an independent moral reality
There is no problem: Gods desires are arbitrary, but this is not a problem
There is no problem: Gods desires are not arbitrary. They *are* based on reasons. But these reasons are not independent *moral* truths
This is a problem. Theistic voluntarism should be rejected on this basis
Flag this QuestionQuestion 251 pts
According to Donaldson, which metaethical theory recommends following the cultural norms in the country in which you are doing business?
Group of answer choices
Cultural relativism
Metaethical objectivism
Ethical imperialism
Ethical egoism
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