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Parenting Styles and Their Effect on Child Development

Shamma Fikree

Al Khaleej National School, 11GB

Parenting Styles and Their Effect on Child Development

Can a specific parenting style define a person’s life forever when growing up? The different forms of parenting styles refer to how parents react and act to their children’s behaviors or actions. Therefore, parenting styles are a vital component in a child’s upbringing based on the fact that they influence their psychological development. Parenting styles create different social environments in the lives of children within the home (Rosli, 2014). There are distinct forms of parenting that parents utilize to guide their children as they grow. In terms of child development, all parenting methods have a negative impact, a positive impact, or both positive and negative impacts. This paper will analyze the different roles that each parenting method plays in a child’s life; the three distinct forms of parenting methods are the authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive method.

The authoritarian method of parenting negatively impacts a child’s psychological development by discouraging open communication, and this results in lower levels of confidence and expression. Minimal nurturance and high levels of control from parents are characteristics of the authoritarian method, based on the fact that it has unreserved standards for children’s behavior that they are not allowed to negotiate or question. In addition to that, this method primarily focuses on the demand for obedience and discipline. Therefore, parents who employ the authoritarian form of parenting are less likely to utilize gentle means of persuasion, such as rewards, affection, or praise. That is to say, parents who utilize the authoritarian method are more likely to establish aggressive methods to resolve conflicts (Sarwar, 2016). In other words, they are negligent in modeling nurturant and affectionate behavior with their children. Unfortunately, the authoritarian method of parenting has adverse effects on a child’s development based on the fact that it depresses them as these children lack the motivation to present their opinions. The reason is that this classification of parenting discourages open communication lines between parents and their children. Therefore, this parenting method results in the progress of the lower levels of confidence and expression. As a result, a child develops shy characteristics, as this method prevents growth in terms of social interactions. Therefore, the lack of an opportunity to present their opinions and feelings psychologically impacts children, and as they develop rebellious behavior (Sarwar, 2016). In other words, this method increases the dependency of children on their parents; therefore, the children lack self-identity, and this results in rebellious and problematic behavior, which in turn, increases the likelihood of juvenile delinquency among these children. Overall, the authoritarian method of parenting can be rigorous and  can include harsh punishments; children who are influenced by the authoritarian parent grow up as problematic.

The authoritative method of parenting has a positive impact on child development by encouraging communication, which results in confidence and emotional stability among children. This method of parenting primarily focuses on the establishment of healthy relationships between parents and their children based on the fact that this style trains individuals to adhere to rules, ask questions, present their opinions and express their feelings. This positivity plays an essential role in psychological development because linked to it is positive progress in terms of a child’s r/cognitive development. The fact that this parenting style encourages open communication between parents and their children means that this method enables children to develop socially (Pramudyani, 2020). As a result, this development makes them feel relaxed and confident when they interact with their peers in different social environments. In terms of psychological development, authoritative parenting positively impacts a child by improving their emotional stability (Vafaeenejad et al., 2019). This improvement relies on the fact that this parenting method has less control in terms of strictness; therefore, children develop self-identity. In addition to that, the utilization of this method contributes to development by allowing children to be open-minded as they are encouraged to ask questions and not accept the rules provided without any forms of negotiation. Parents who utilize this method are communicative and warm as they focus on nurturing a relationship with their children. Therefore, the presence of open communication channels in the reliable method of parenting is beneficial. The primary benefit is the fact that it encourages individuals to express themselves (Vafaeenejad et al., 2019). In other words, the authoritative method enables individuals to develop confidence, which allows them to interact with peers in different social environments freely.

Lastly, permissive parenting positively impacts child development by establishing confidence and self-esteem; however, the absence of discipline could potentially result in rebellion. Parents who utilize this method of parenting primarily focus on being their child’s friend instead of focusing on the child’s discipline. In other words, these parents are warm; however, they do not implement control. Henceforth, these parents are very supportive and lenient. Therefore, the level of demand and maturity is low when it comes to permissive parenting. As a result, children raised by permissive parenting have advanced levels of self-esteem and social capabilities with their peers in different social settings. Also, these children are less likely to experience depression because they experience a positive change in terms of social progress (Rosli, 2014). However, this parenting method is associated with less autonomy and maturity. As a result, the children experience stagnated growth in terms of emotional development based on the fact that they are not encouraged or pushed in this area. Children raised by permissive parents lack the structure to develop control, emotional power, and regulation, but they are more capable of expressing themselves. This form of parenting has both positive and adverse impacts on child development. The positive impact is that this method of parenting aids in the development of social interaction and confidence since children have their parents’ support. Unfortunately, there are several ways in which permissive parenting adversely impacts child development. Firstly, the lack of discipline results in problematic behavior such as rebellion based on the fact that parents support the children with no limits regardless of whether they do wrong or not (Rosli, 2014). In other words, permissive parenting is both beneficial and disadvantageous in terms of child development.

In conclusion, the different forms of parenting each have distinct effects on child development. As discussed, the authoritarian parenting method negatively impacts child development based on the fact that it results in less confidence since it discourages open communication. On the other hand, authoritative parents positively impact their child’s development by establishing open lines of communication, which results in emotional stability and more confidence in terms of interacting with peers in social settings. Lastly, permissive parenting lacks disciplinary methods as if it focuses on supporting children. As a result, this method has a positive impact in terms of establishing confidence and self-esteem. However, it also results in rebellious behavior due to the lack of disciplinary actions. It is, therefore, very crucial for parents to comprehend these different forms of parenting and choose one that would positively impact their own child’s behavior. In other words, authoritative parenting is the ideal method as it has a minimal negative impact on child development. Children should be able to express their opinions and have a voice in the family, but while still adhering to the rules given by the parents. The slight freedom available creates a positive environment for the children while still teaching them good manners and rule-following.

References

Rosli, N. A. (2014). Effect of parenting styles on children’s emotional and behavioral problems among different ethnicities of Muslim children in the U.S.

Sarwar, S. (2016). Influence of parenting style on children’s behavior. Journal of Education and Educational Development, 3(2).

Vafaeenejad, Z., Elyasi, F., Moosazadeh, M., & Shahhosseini, Z. (2019). Psychological factors contributing to parenting (Roslie, 2014) styles: A systematic review. F1000Research, 7(906), 906.

Rosli, N. A. (2014). Effect of Parenting Styles on Children’s Emotional and Behavioral Problems Among Different Ethnicities of Muslim Children in the U.S. (2014). Dissertations, (2009 -). Paper 376.

Pramudyani, A. (2020, April 26). The Effect of Parenting Styles for Children’s Behaviour on Using Gadget at Revolution Industry. Retrieved May 05, 2020, from https://obsesi.or.id/index.php/obsesi/article/view/520/pdf