BIO100 Boston College CH4 The Skeletal System Medical Terminology Essay Medical Terminology class: Chose a disease or injury that is covered in this chapt

BIO100 Boston College CH4 The Skeletal System Medical Terminology Essay Medical Terminology class:

Chose a disease or injury that is covered in this chapter. Consider how this condition affects the body. What challenges might face an individual who is living with this diagnosis? Imagine yourself in your future career as a sonographer and this individual is your patient. What special considerations might you take when interacting with them? See ppt attached. Power point chapter 4.

Math class:

hMathematics is all about relations and observations. It truly depends on your perspective. The difference could be small or it can be a GOOGOL (if you don’t know research it), even infinite. Will we be considering ratios and proportions in this discussion focusing more on Ratios. Ratios are a form rate comparison, detailing the frequency of 2 or more quantities. Using your phone(Computer or TV). Depict the ratios that you use the apps on your phone and analyze how they help you succeed and which ones you could limit yourself on. You must have 3 ratios for credit, for example:

Email : Instagram 1: 5

Youtube : FB 8:1

Bible App : Robinhood 1:1

Then in 1 paragraph detail why this helps you succeed or what you need to change .

Just answer question 1, and 2. Short answer, no work cited. Each answer half page. Total one page, this is weekly discussion post answer.

BIO 100 question, just one page. Answer 1,2,3, and replay one student see word doc.

Top of Form
Bottom of Form

1. Have you ever broken a bone? Which bone was it? What type of fracture was it?

2. If you haven’t broken a bone, what are some ways we can strengthen bones?

3. Bones are constantly remodeled as we age. What happens to bones during the aging process? How can we best prevent this?

You are also reply to posts made by your classmates:

1. Do you agree/ disagree with what they said? Why?

2. Can you contribute more information to their initial post? 1. Medical Terminology class:
Chose a disease or injury that is covered in this chapter. Consider how this condition affects
the body. What challenges might face an individual who is living with this
diagnosis? Imagine yourself in your future career as a sonographer and this individual is
your patient. What special considerations might you take when interacting with them? See
ppt attached. Power point chapter 4.
2. math class:
Mathematics is all about relations and observations. It truly depends on your perspective. The
difference could be small or it can be a GOOGOL (if you don’t know research it), even
infinite. Will we be considering ratios and proportions in this discussion focusing more on
Ratios. Ratios are a form rate comparison, detailing the frequency of 2 or more quantities.
Using your phone(Computer or TV). Depict the ratios that you use the apps on your phone
and analyze how they help you succeed and which ones you could limit yourself on. You
must have 3 ratios for credit, for example:
Email : Instagram
Youtube : FB
1: 5
8:1
Bible App : Robinhood 1:1
Then in 1 paragraph detail why this helps you succeed or what you need to change .
Just answer question 1, and 2. Short answer, no work cited. Each answer half page. Total one
page, this is weekly discussion post answer.
BIO 100 question, just one page. Answer 1,2,3,4
1. Have you ever broken a bone? Which bone was it? What type of fracture was it?
2. If you haven’t broken a bone, what are some ways we can strengthen bones?
3. Bones are constantly remodeled as we age. What happens to bones during the
aging process? How can we best prevent this?
You are also reply to posts made by your classmates:
1. Do you agree/ disagree with what they said? Why?
2. Can you contribute more information to their initial post?
This is one student replay.
CHAPTER
4
The Skeletal System
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-2
Learning Outcomes
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
LO 4.1 Use roots, combining forms, suffixes, and
prefixes to construct and analyze (deconstruct)
medical terms related to the skeletal system.
LO 4.2 Spell and pronounce correctly medical
terms related to the skeletal system to
communicate them with accuracy and precision in
any health care setting.
LO 4.3 Define accepted abbreviations related to
the skeletal system.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-3
Learning Outcomes
LO 4.4 Relate the different types of bones and
their structure to their functions.
LO 4.5 Describe the causes, appearances,
methods of diagnosis, and treatment of bone and
joint disorders and bone fractures, and their
methods of healing.
LO 4.6 Identify the structures of the axial skeleton
and their disorders and treatments.
LO 4.7 Describe the bones and joints of the
shoulder girdle and upper limb and their disorders
and treatments.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-4
Learning Outcomes
LO 4.8 Relate the structure of the pelvic girdle, hip
joint, and thigh bone to their functions and
disorders and treatments.
LO 4.9 Relate the structures of the knee joint,
ankle, and foot to their functions and disorders and
treatments.
LO 4.10 Apply your knowledge of the medical
terms of the skeletal system to documentation,
medical records, and medical reports.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-5
Learning Outcomes
LO 4.11 Translate the medical terms of the
skeletal system into everyday language in order to
communicate clearly with patients and their
families.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-6
The Skeletal System:
The Essentials of the Language of Orthopedics
Lesson 4.1: Bones of the Skeletal System
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4-7
Skeletal System
• Health professionals treating musculoskeletal
problems
– orthopedic surgeons
– osteopathic physicians
– chiropractors
– physical therapists and assistants
– orthopedic technologists and technicians
– podiatrists
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-8
Skeletal System
• Components of the skeletal system
– bones
– cartilage
– tendons
– ligaments
• Functions
– support
storage
– protection
– blood formation
– mineral
– detoxification
– endocrine
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-9
Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify and define the suffixes of the following
terms:
– chiropractic
– chiropractor
– detoxification
– musculoskeletal
– orthopedist
– osteopathy
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-10
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following words from Latin:
– cartilage
– ligament
– muscle
– tendon
• Define these abbreviations:
– MD
– DC
– DO
– PT
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-11
Skeletal System
• Structure of bones
– Classification of bones
• long
• short
• flat
• irregular
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4-12
Word Analysis and Definition
• Give adjective forms of the following terms:
– cortex
cortical
– medulla
medullary
– periosteum
periosteal
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4-13
Word Analysis and Definition
• What is the difference in the following terms?
– diaphysis
Greek = growing between
– epiphysis
epi- = upon
-physis = growth
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-14
Skeletal System
• Diseases of the bone
© Dr. Michael Klein/Peter Arnold, Inc.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-15
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define these terms having a common root:
– osteogenesis
– osteomalacia
– osteomyelitis
– osteopenia
– osteoporosis
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-16
Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify and define the suffixes from the following
terms:
– achondroplasia
– sarcoma
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-17
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following abbreviations:
– BMD
– DEXA
– FDA
– IU
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-18
Skeletal System
• Bone fractures
– Types of fractures
• See Figure 4.6 and Table 4.1
– Healing of fractures
• See Figure 4.7
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-19
Word Analysis and Definition
•
Describe the differences in the following
fractures:
– closed vs. open fracture
– complete vs. incomplete
– pathologic vs. compression
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-20
Word Analysis and Definition
• Describe the similarities and differences in the
following terms:
– osteocyte
– osteoblast
– osteoclast
– osteogenesis
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-21
The Skeletal System:
The Essentials of the Language of Orthopedics
Lesson 4.2: Axial Skeleton
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-22
Axial Skeleton
• Structure of axial skeleton
– vertebral column
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-23
Axial Skeleton
• Structure of axial skeleton
– vertebral column
1. vertebrae
2. intervertebral discs
3. spinal cord
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-24
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the term and write the adjective form:
– sacrum
sacral
– spine
spinal
– vertebrae
vertebral
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-25
Word Analysis and Definition
• How are the following terms related?
– kyphosis
– lordosis
– scoliosis
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-26
Axial Skeleton
• The skull and face
– cranial
cavity
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-27
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following words from Latin, Greek, or
French origin:
– cranium
– mandible
– maxilla
– zygoma
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-28
Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify and define the root in the following
terms:
– palatine
– parietal
– sphenoid
– temporal
– ethmoid
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-29
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following abbreviations:
– C5
– C5-C6
– T12
– MRI
– TMJ
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-30
The Skeletal System:
The Essentials of the Language of Orthopedics
Lesson 4.3: Bones and Joints of the Shoulder
Girdle and Upper Limb
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-31
Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle
and Upper Limb
• Shoulder girdle and upper arm
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-32
Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle
and Upper Limb
• Shoulder girdle
– Common disorders of the shoulder
1. shoulder separation
2. shoulder dislocation
3. shoulder subluxation
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-33
Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify and define the root in the following
terms:
– articulate
– dislocation
– pectoral
– subluxation
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-34
Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle
and Upper Limb
•
Upper arm and elbow joint
– Common disorders of the elbow
1. tennis elbow
2. bursitis
3. bone fractures
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-35
Word Analysis and Definition
• Deconstruct the following terms into their
elements:
– pronation
– supination
– capitulum
– aspiration
– trochlear
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-36
Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle
and Upper Limb
• Forearm, wrist, and hand
– bones
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-37
Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle
and Upper Limb
• Forearm, wrist, and hand
– Common disorders of the wrist
1. ganglion cyst
2. stenosing tenosynovitis
3. carpal tunnel syndrome
4. Colles fracture
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-38
Bones and Joints of the Shoulder Girdle
and Upper Limb
• Forearm, wrist, and hand
– Common disorders of the wrist
1. carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
– Common disorders of the hand
1. osteoarthritis (OA)
– Heberden nodes
2. rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-39
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following root elements:
– arthr
– carp
– oste/o
– ten/o
– phalang/e
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-40
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following abbreviations:
– CTS
– OA
– RA
– po
– prn
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-41
The Skeletal System:
The Essentials of the Language of Orthopedics
Lesson 4.4: Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-42
Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
• Pelvic girdle
– Structure (see Figure 4.17)
– Functions
1. Supports the axial skeleton
2. Transmits the upper body’s weight to the
lower limbs
3. Provides attachments for the lower limbs
4. Protects internal reproductive organs, urinary
bladder, and distal segment of the large
intestine
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-43
Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
• Pelvic girdle
– Disorders of the pelvic girdle
1. sacroiliac joint strain
2. diastasis symphysis pubis
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-44
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define each term and write it in the adjective
form:
– femur
femoral
– pelvis
pelvic
– pubis
pubic
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-45
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define each term and write it in the adjective
form:
– ischium
ischial
– sacrum
sacral
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-46
Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
• Bones and joints of the hip and thigh
– Disorders and injuries of the hip joint
1. hip pointer
2. osteoarthritis
3. rheumatoid arthritis
4. avascular necrosis
5. fractures
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-47
Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
• The knee joint
– Bones
1. femur
2. tibia
3. patella
4. fibula
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-48
Word Analysis and Definition
• Put the terms in correct anatomical order from
head to toe:
– tibia
– femur
– pubis
– fibula
– patella
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-49
Word Analysis and Definition
• Define each term and write it in the plural form:
– meniscus
menisci
– patella
patellae
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-50
Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
• The knee joint
– Surgical procedures of the knee
• arthrocentesis
• arthroscopy
• total knee replacement
© Charles McRae, M.D./Visuals Unlimited
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-51
Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify and define the root and suffix of the
following terms:
– arthrocentesis
– arthrodesis
– arthrography
– arthroplasty
– arthroscopy
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-52
Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
• Bones and joints of the lower leg, ankle, and foot
– Disorders of the ankle and foot
1. bunions
2. strains and sprains
3. Pott fracture
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-53
Word Analysis and Definition
• Give the common name of the following medical
terms:
– calcaneus
– talus
– tarsus
– metatarsus
– phalanges
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-54
The Skeletal System:
The Essentials of the Language of Orthopedics
Lesson 4.5: Diagnostic and Therapeutic
Procedures for Bone Disorders
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-55
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures for
Bone Disorders
• Diagnostic procedures for metabolic bone
disorders
– bone mineral density (BMD)
– nuclear bone scan
– blood tests
– bone biopsy
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-56
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures for
Bone Disorders
• Diagnostic procedures for bone cancer
– X-ray
– CT scan
– MRI
– PET
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
4-57
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures for
Bone Disor…
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