Embry Riddle Aeronautical Immune Systems and White Blood Cells Count Paper In Module 3, you submitted your Literature Review Draft building on your annotat

Embry Riddle Aeronautical Immune Systems and White Blood Cells Count Paper In Module 3, you submitted your Literature Review Draft building on your annotated bibliography and supporting your
topic/research question. You also received feedback from your
instructor. Be sure to make any revisions before submitting your final
Literature Review to this activity. (Original Draft is attached.)INSTRUCTOR FEEDBACK:Great job! This is a fascinating subject and you have done an excellent job with your literature review. Just make sure that you expand the interplay on the variables in your theoretical framework. Your hypothesis needs to be well stated as well, by specifying which is which. Check your references and make sure that they are well formatted. Your plagiarism score is 35% bring it down. Introduction
Health rated challenges have been on the rise as weakened immune systems make it
impossible for people to fight off disease. It is, therefore, necessary to determine ways that
individuals can improve the strength of their immune systems and control the number of white
blood cells which are indicators of the state of the body. Exercise has often put forth as a way of
improving the general wellbeing of the individual. There however a need to establish the impact
that exercise has white blood cell count.
Literature Review
A look at the literature on how exercising affects white blood cell count shows that
several studies have been conducted in the area. Johannsen, Swift, Johnson, Dixit, Earnest, Blair,
and Church (2012) asserted that when an individual has an elevated level of white blood cells, it
is an indicator that they are risk of developing coronary heart disease as well as death. As such,
people should work on reducing the number of WBC in their bodies. The scholars assert that for
a person to lower this count, they must engage in aerobic exercise. In their study, the scholars
established that when dealing with overweight subjects, aerobics was able to change the count of
WBC.
In contrast, the book by Fife (2011) takes a differing view. While these scholars
indicated that exercise reduces the number of WBC, the book indicates that the count of these
cells increases with exercise. According to this text, WBCs are essential to detox the body and
destroy harmful substances from the body. As such, individuals should aim to increase them by
engaging in vigorous exercise and detox their body. Natale, VBrenner, Moldoveanu, Vasiliou,
Shek, and Shephard (2003) agree with the assertions of Fife (2011) which indicate that number
of WBC increase with exercise. While looking at three sets of an exercise, the scholars
established that during the exercise, the number of cells increased but the impact was temporally
lasting for approximately three hours. Further, the scholars assert that aerobics exercise had the
greatest impact with the count being highest at peak. Nevesa, Tenórioa, Lins, Muniz, PithonCuric, Botero, and Pradoae (2014) also agreed that exercise increased the number of white blood
cells specifically lymphocytosis and monocytosis immediately after exercise.
Scholars Shirato, Motohashi, Tanihata, Tachiyashiki, Tomoda, and Imaizumi (2006) also
undertook a study in the same area and agreed with Johannsen et al (2012) while disagreeing
with the assertions of Fife (2011) and. Natale, VBrenner, Moldoveanu, Vasiliou, Shek, and
Shephard (2003). While studying inactive rats (suspension and immobilization) the scholars
revealed that the number of white blood cells increased. The inactivity of these animals led to the
crease of WBC. In the contrast, Horn, Pyne, Hopkins, and Barne (2010) in their study established
that elite athletes who were engaged in training to take part in highly aerobic sports had lower
levels of white blood cells.
In another study, Johannsen, Priest, Dixit, Earnest, Blair, and Church (2010) took a
Cross-sectional study in an aerobic center which brought together 452 men. The findings of their
revealed that fitness had an inverse relationship with the number of WBC while fatness had a
direct relationship
Research Question
1. How does exercising affect white blood cell count?
Theoretical Framework
A review of the literature review on the impact that exercising has white blood cell count
reveals that there is a disagreement on its impacts. Some of the literature reviewed revealed that
scholars believed that exercise has the impact of increasing white blood cells in the body which
is a healthy concept (Fife (2011;.Natale, Brenner, Moldoveanu, Vasiliou, Shek and Shephard,
2003);. Nevesa, Tenórioa, Lins, Muniz, Pithon-Curic, Botero and Pradoae, 2014)
On the other hand, there is a body of studies that reveal that exercise has the opposite
effect of lowering white blood cells which the scholars perceive as healthy. As such, the scholars
assert that when individual engage in vigorous exercise they reduce the WBC count which is a
healthy indicator (Johannsen, Swift, Johnson, Dixit, Earnest, Blair and Church, 2012; Shirato,
Motohashi, Tanihata, Tachiyashiki, Tomoda and Imaizumi, 2006; Horn, Pyne, Hopkins and
Barne, 2010; Johannsen, Priest, Dixit, Earnest, Blair, and Church, 2010).
Given these differences in opinion and findings, the logical question that arises from the
review is “how does exercising affect white blood cell count?” In this case, the independent
variable is white blood cell count while the independent variable is exercising.
Hypotheses
1. Exercising increases white blood cell count
2. Exercising decreases white blood cell count
3. Increased white blood cell count improves an individual’s health
4. Decreased white blood cell count improves an individual’s health
Reference
Horn, P. L, Pyne, D. B., Hopkins, W. G., and Barne, C. J. (2010). Lower white blood cell counts
in elite athletes training for highly aerobic sports Arbeitsphysiologie 110(5):925-32
Retrieved from
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/45272697_Lower_white_blood_cell_counts_in
_elite_athletes_training_for_highly_aerobic_sports
Johannsen, N. M., Priest, E. L., Dixit, V. D., Earnest, C. P., Blair, S. N., & Church, T. S. (2010).
Association of white blood cell subfraction concentration with fitness and fatness. British
Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(8), 588. DOI:
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/10.1136/bjsm.2008.050682
Johannsen, N. M., Swift, D. L., Johnson, W. D., Dixit, V. D., Earnest, C. P., Blair, S. N., &
Church, T. S. (2012). Effect of different doses of aerobic exercise on total white blood
cell (WBC) and WBC subfraction number in postmenopausal women: Results from
DREW. PLoS One, 7(2) DOI:
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/10.1371/journal.pone.0031319
Natale, V. M., Brenner, I. K., Moldoveanu, A. I., Vasiliou, P., Shek, P. Shephard, R. J. (2003).
Effects of three different types of exercise on blood leukocyte count during and following
exercise so Paulo Med. J. vol.121 no.1 São Paulo 2003 https://doi.org/10.1590/S151631802003000100003. Retrieved from
https://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-31802003000100003
Nevesa, P. R. D, Tenórioa, T. R.D., Lins, T. A., Muniz, M. T. C., Pithon-Curic, C. T., Botero,
J. P., and Pradoae, W. L.D. (2014)Acute effects of high- and low-intensity exercise bouts
on leukocyte counts. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness Volume 13, Issue 1, June
2015, Pages 24-28 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2014.11.003 Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1728869X14000471
Shirato, K., Motohashi, N., Tanihata, J., Tachiyashiki, K., Tomoda, A., & Imaizumi, K. (2006).
Effects of two types of inactivity on the number of white blood cells in rats. European
Journal of Applied Physiology, 98(6), 590-600. DOI:
http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.libproxy.db.erau.edu/10.1007/s00421-006-0306-6
Under an Elsevier user license file, B. (2011). The Detox Book, 3rd Edition: How to Detoxify
Your Body to Improve your Health, Stop Disease, and Reverse Aging Third Edition.
Piccadilly Books, Limited; Third Edition edition (September 1, 2011) Retrieved from
https://books.google.co.ke/books?id=YtEwDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA123&lpg=PA123&dq=
books+on+How++exercising+affect+white+blood+cell+count&source=bl&ots=wojkJT0Bh&sig=ACfU3U3fW7r9WVthV4Do3lgsVngBRpcBfA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahU
KEwinxKD_vvLpAhVJPcAKHRXFDioQ6AEwCXoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=books
%20on%20How%20%20exercising%20affect%20white%20blood%20cell%20count&f=f
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